Elevated plasma concentrations of haptoglobin in European brown bears during hibernation

Mominoki, Katsumi; Morimatsu, Masami; Karjalainen, Minna K.; Hohtola, Esa; Hissa, R.; Saito, Masayuki

doi:10.1016/j.cbpa.2005.09.017

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Thus, considering this relationship between reduced renal function and inflammation, the value of CRP would be expected to increase in the hibernation period. However, in the present study CRP values did not show any seasonal variations and these results are similar with previous data from brown bears (Mominoki et al 2005;Stenvinkel et al 2013a). This indicates that bears do not develop systemic inflammation during hibernation in spite of reduced renal function and prolonged inactivity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Blood chemistry reference intervals of captive Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus)

Jeong¹,

Um²,

Lee³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med. - Czech

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Data on blood chemistry values can make fundamental contributions to our understanding of physiological changes. However, there is a lack of information regarding blood chemistry in Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus). Thus, the objects of this study were to determine reference ranges for 29 blood chemistry variables, and to evaluate differences between age groups and between seasons. Blood samples (n = 138) were collected from 44 (20 males, 24 females; age range, 1-15 years) clinically healthy, captive Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in the Republic of Korea. Young and adult bears showed significantly higher levels of creatinine and total cholesterol, and lower levels of blood urea nitrogen, blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase MB during hibernation compared to during non-hibernation. Adults also showed significantly higher levels of triglyceride, but lower levels of inorganic phosphorus, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, high density lipoprotein cholesterol and creatine phosphokinase during hibernation than during non-hibernation. During hibernation, the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio and levels of alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase in young bears were significantly higher than in adults, whereas creatinine levels were lower than in adults. During non-hibernation, the urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio and levels of calcium, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatine phosphokinase and creatine kinase MB in young bears were significantly higher, whereas creatinine, total protein, albumin, gamma-glutamyl transferase and haemoglobin levels were lower than in adults. The results of this study provide reference values that will aid in understanding the physiology of Asiatic black bears and in assessing the health of these animals in captive environments.Keywords: Asiatic black bear; reference ranges; hibernation; blood chemistry; captivity; health assessment List of abbreviations ALB = albumin, ALP = alkaline phosphatase, ALT = alanine aminotransferase, AMY = amylase, AST = aspartate aminotransferase, BUN = blood urea nitrogen, CKMB = creatine kinase MB, CPK = creatine phosphokinase, CRE = creatinine, CRP = C-reactive protein, DBIL = direct bilirubin, GGT = gamma-glutamyl transferase, GLU = glucose, Hb = haemoglobin, HDLC = high density lipoprotein cholesterol, IP = inorganic phosphorus, LDH = lactate dehydrogenase, TBIL = total bilirubin, TCHO = total cholesterol, TG = triglyceride, TP = total protein, U/C = blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio, UA = uric acidBlood chemistry values can play a fundamental role in facilitating an understanding of physiological changes and in assessing potential health problems at both individual and population levels (Geffre et al. 2009;Friedrichs et al. 2012). Previously, blood chemistry data have been report-

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Blood chemistry reference intervals of captive Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus)

Jeong¹,

Um²,

Lee³

et al. 2017

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…Nor are the ill-effects of circannual obesity transient—in one Swedish study, atherosclerotic lesions were entirely absent from the major vessels of obese, insulin-resistant hibernators despite marked hyperlipidemia (50). Similarly, obese hibernators fail to develop the smoldering inflammation that characterizes human obesity despite similar metabolic parameters (44, 51). The absence of pathology despite remarkably similar metabolic states suggests that transient obesity and insulin resistance are not necessarily pathologic and may in fact be part of an adaptive, evolutionarily conserved response to excess nutrient storage.…”

Section: Insulin Resistance As An Adaptive Traitmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pleiotropic Actions of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Metabolic Homeostasis

Odegaard

Chawla

2013

Science

569

428

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Metabolism and immunity are inextricably linked both to each other and to organism-wide function, allowing mammals to adapt to changes in their internal and external environments. In the modern context of obesogenic diets and lifestyles, however, these adaptive responses can have deleterious consequences. In this review, we discuss the pleiotropic actions of inflammation and insulin resistance in metabolic homeostasis and disease. An appreciation of the adaptive context in which these responses arose is useful for understanding their pathogenic actions in disease.

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“…1). The current understanding is that the hibernation phenotype arises due to selective expression of genes that are correlated with orchestrating physiological changes that allow a hibernator to experience recurrent torpor bouts during the winter (Srere et al 1992; Wilson et al 1992; Mominoki 1998; Bauer et al 2001; Buck et al 2002; Epperson and Martin 2002; Eddy 2004; Mominoki et al 2005; Williams 2005; Eddy et al 2006; Yan 2006; Suozzi et al 2009; Epperson et al 2010; Shao et al 2010; Fedorov et al 2011; Hampton et al 2011; Chow et al 2013; Hampton et al 2013; Schwartz et al 2013; Seim et al 2013; Emirbekov and Pashaeva 2014; Lei et al 2014; Grabek et al 2015; Vermillion et al 2015). However, it is unknown whether distantly related species use the same key pathways for activating and maintaining the hibernation phenotype.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gene Expression Profiling in the Hibernating Primate,Cheirogaleus Medius

et al. 2016

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Hibernation is a complex physiological response that some mammalian species employ to evade energetic demands. Previous work in mammalian hibernators suggests that hibernation is activated not by a set of genes unique to hibernators, but by differential expression of genes that are present in all mammals. This question of universal genetic mechanisms requires further investigation and can only be tested through additional investigations of phylogenetically dispersed species. To explore this question, we use RNA-Seq to investigate gene expression dynamics as they relate to the varying physiological states experienced throughout the year in a group of primate hibernators—Madagascar’s dwarf lemurs (genus Cheirogaleus). In a novel experimental approach, we use longitudinal sampling of biological tissues as a method for capturing gene expression profiles from the same individuals throughout their annual hibernation cycle. We identify 90 candidate genes that have variable expression patterns when comparing two active states (Active 1 and Active 2) with a torpor state. These include genes that are involved in metabolic pathways, feeding behavior, and circadian rhythms, as might be expected to correlate with seasonal physiological state changes. The identified genes appear to be critical for maintaining the health of an animal that undergoes prolonged periods of metabolic depression concurrent with the hibernation phenotype. By focusing on these differentially expressed genes in dwarf lemurs, we compare gene expression patterns in previously studied mammalian hibernators. Additionally, by employing evolutionary rate analysis, we find that hibernation-related genes do not evolve under positive selection in hibernating species relative to nonhibernators.

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Elevated plasma concentrations of haptoglobin in European brown bears during hibernation

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Blood chemistry reference intervals of captive Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus)

Blood chemistry reference intervals of captive Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus)

Pleiotropic Actions of Insulin Resistance and Inflammation in Metabolic Homeostasis

Gene Expression Profiling in the Hibernating Primate,Cheirogaleus Medius

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