Elevated Production of Inflammatory Mediators Including Nociceptive Chemokines in Patients With Neck Pain: A Cross-Sectional Evaluation

Peripheral Oxidative Stress Blood Markers in Patients With Chronic Back or Neck Pain Treated With High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude Manipulation

“…63 Some studies suggest an increase in proinflammatory cytokines in the blood of patients with neck or lower back pain of mechanical origin. 64,65 In turn, the treatment with spinal manipulation appears to decrease the proinflammatory cytokines. 65 -68 Subjects treated with a single spinal manipulation therapy showed a time-dependent attenuation of lipopolysaccharide-induced production of the inflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1β.…”

Effect of Interactive Neurostimulation Therapy on Inflammatory Response in Patients With Chronic and Recurrent Mechanical Neck Pain

“…10 Compared with asymptomatic subjects, constitutive and induced levels of proinflammatory mediator (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1) production were significantly augmented and trended high (Figs 2 and 3 and Table 2, respectively), as did the production of the anti-inflammatory mediator IL-1RA (Fig 5A and B). The synthesis of sTNFR II was also significantly increased (Fig 4).…”

“…8,9 Inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and nitric oxide as well as 2 chemotactic chemokines, macrophage chemotactic protein 1 (CCL2/ MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (CCL3/ MIP-1α) have been shown to be consistently elevated in such patients, both in vitro and in vivo. 10 Thus, it appears that NP patients demonstrate up-regulation of inflammatory mediator pathways and thereby could potentially benefit from therapies targeting the local inflammatory response.…”

Systematic review of biochemical biomarkers for neck and upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders

“…Fourteen studies examined biochemical mediators and markers related to inflammatory processes (33, 34, 40-42, 59, 61-63, 67, 69-72). Seven found significant associations between inflammatory markers and MSD (34,40,42,59,62,63,69), while seven did not (33,41,61,67,(70)(71)(72). Where associations were found, all had increased levels of inflammatory substances in MSD cases or with increased MSD severity, except for two studies in which reduced levels of IL-8 and IL-18 were observed in cases (41,59).…”

“…No association was observed between serum CRP and rotator cuff tendinitis, adhesive capsulitis, or a mix of MSD of <1 month duration (33,34,41). No association was found between serum TNF-α levels (an acute inflammatory cytokine) and chronic neck pain (69), between serum IL-1 and IL-6 levels (a pleiotropic cytokine and myokine) and late stage carpal tunnel syndrome (70), or between four acute phase cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL6, TNF-α) and a mix of MSD as each were below detectable levels (41). Results were less mixed when using local sampling methods, eg, assays of analytes from muscle extracellular fluid obtained using microdialysis.…”