Elevated striatal reactivity across monetary and social rewards in bipolar I disorder.

Dutra, Sunny J.; Cunningham, William A.; Kober, Hedy; Gruber, June

doi:10.1037/abn0000092

Cited by 57 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Interestingly however, we did see a relationship between more severe mania symptoms and greater bias towards reward, but only among individuals with bipolar disorder with lifetime psychosis. This finding is consistent with prior work in bipolar disorder suggesting increased striatal responses to rewards (Dutra, Cunningham, Kober, & Gruber, 2015), and with theories about reward hypersensitivity as a risk factor and/or characteristic of bipolar disorder (Alloy, Nusslock, & Boland, 2015; Johnson, Edge, Holmes, & Carver, 2012a). It is intriguing that we only saw this relationship among individuals with bipolar disorder with psychosis and not in schizophrenia or schizoaffective.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Explicit and implicit reinforcement learning across the psychosis spectrum.

Deanna¹,

Carter²,

Gold³

et al. 2017

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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Motivational and hedonic impairments are core features of a variety of types of psychopathology. An important aspect of motivational function is reinforcement learning (RL), including implicit (i.e., outside of conscious awareness) and explicit (i.e., including explicit representations about potential reward associations) learning, as well as both positive reinforcement (learning about actions that lead to reward) and punishment (learning to avoid actions that lead to loss). Here we present data from paradigms designed to assess both positive and negative components of both implicit and explicit RL, examine performance on each of these tasks among individuals with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder with psychosis, and examine their relative relationships to specific symptom domains transdiagnostically. None of the diagnostic groups differed significantly from controls on the implicit RL tasks in either bias towards a rewarded response or bias away from a punished response. However, on the explicit RL task, both the individuals with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder performed significantly worse than controls, but the individuals with bipolar did not. Worse performance on the explicit RL task, but not the implicit RL task, was related to worse motivation and pleasure symptoms across all diagnostic categories. Performance on explicit RL, but not implicit RL, was related to working memory, which accounted for some of the diagnostic group differences. However, working memory did not account for the relationship of explicit RL to motivation and pleasure symptoms. These findings suggest transdiagnostic relationships across the spectrum of psychotic disorders between motivation and pleasure impairments and explicit RL.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Explicit and implicit reinforcement learning across the psychosis spectrum.

Deanna¹,

Carter²,

Gold³

et al. 2017

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

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“…In an earlier analysis of these data, we found that the VS exhibited elevated reactivity to reward receipt in euthymic BD, compared to an HC group . Notably, no task‐related differences in VS reactivity to reward receipt emerged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Efforts to better understand these behavioral patterns at the neural level have primarily focused on regional neural activity during reward tasks. For example, studies have reported increased activation in the ventral striatum (VS) and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) of patients with BD compared to healthy controls (HCs) during reward processing. While these data provide an important foundation, they cannot fully explain the pathophysiology of reward processing dysfunctions in BD, as these regions do not operate independently but interact as components of complex neural networks .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disrupted cortico‐limbic connectivity during reward processing in remitted bipolar I disorder

et al. 2017

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Objectives Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with elevated reward sensitivity and persistent positive affect, yet the neural mechanisms underlying these patterns are not well understood. In the present study, we examined putative disruptions in communication within a well-known corticolimbic reward circuit during reward processing as a potential contributing mechanism to these symptoms. Methods The present investigation employed a within- and between-subjects design utilizing a monetary and social incentive delay task among adults with bipolar disorder type I (BD; N=24) and a healthy non-psychiatric control group (HC; N=25) during fMRI. Participants in the BD group were remitted at the time of testing. Results Functional connectivity analyses revealed increased connectivity between the ventral striatum (VS) seed region and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as well as the amygdala during processing of reward receipt in the BD group. After omission of expected rewards, the BD group showed decreased functional connectivity between the ventral striatum and a medial frontopolar cortex (mFPC) region associated with consideration of behavioral alternatives. Follow-up analyses within the BD group showed that increased VS-OFC connectivity after reward receipt, and decreased VS-mFPC connected after reward omission, were associated with higher levels of subthreshold mania symptoms. Conclusions Results point toward potential mechanisms implicated in elevated reward sensitivity in BD. Enhanced VS-OFC connectivity after reward receipt may be involved in elevated valuation of rewards whereas blunted VS-mFPC connectivity after reward omission may reflect a failure to consider behavioral alternatives to reward pursuit.

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“…Also consistent with trait status for reward hypersensitivity in BSDs, individuals with euthymic bipolar I (Nusslock, Almeida, et al, 2012) and bipolar II (Caseras et al, 2013) disorders displayed greater VS, medial OFC (Brodmann area [BA] 10), and left lateral OFC (BA 47) activation during anticipation of monetary rewards compared to healthy controls, and elevated VS activation in euthymic bipolar I individuals extends to social rewards as well (Dutra, Cunningham, Kober, & Gruber, 2015). Moreover, Trost et al (2014) found that euthymic bipolar I patients exhibited decreased suppression of reward-related activation in the reward circuit when they had to reject immediate reward in favor of a long-term goal on the “desire-reason dilemma” task (Diekhof & Gruber, 2010) compared to healthy controls.…”

Section: Reward Hypersensitivity In Bipolar Spectrum Disorders: Theormentioning

confidence: 87%

Role of Reward Sensitivity and Processing in Major Depressive and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2016

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Since Costello’s (1972) seminal Behavior Therapy article on loss of reinforcers or reinforcer effectiveness in depression, the role of reward sensitivity and processing in both depression and bipolar disorder has become a central area of investigation. In this article, we review the evidence for a model of reward sensitivity in mood disorders, with unipolar depression characterized by reward hyposensitivity and bipolar disorders by reward hypersensitivity. We address whether aberrant reward sensitivity and processing are correlates of, mood-independent traits of, vulnerabilities for, and/or predictors of the course of depression and bipolar spectrum disorders, covering evidence from self-report, behavioral, neurophysiological, and neural levels of analysis. We conclude that substantial evidence documents that blunted reward sensitivity and processing are involved in unipolar depression and heightened reward sensitivity and processing are characteristic of hypomania/mania. We further conclude that aberrant reward sensitivity has a trait component, but more research is needed to clearly demonstrate that reward hyposensitivity and hypersensitivity are vulnerabilities for depression and bipolar disorder, respectively. Moreover, additional research is needed to determine whether bipolar depression is similar to unipolar depression and characterized by reward hyposensitivity, or whether like bipolar hypomania/mania, it involves reward hypersensitivity.

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Elevated striatal reactivity across monetary and social rewards in bipolar I disorder.

Cited by 57 publications

References 96 publications

Explicit and implicit reinforcement learning across the psychosis spectrum.

Explicit and implicit reinforcement learning across the psychosis spectrum.

Disrupted cortico‐limbic connectivity during reward processing in remitted bipolar I disorder

Role of Reward Sensitivity and Processing in Major Depressive and Bipolar Spectrum Disorders

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