Elevation Analysis for Urban Microcell Outdoor Measurements at 2.3 GHz

Abstract

This paper presents the analysis of departure elevation angles for the urban microcell radio channel measurements at 2.3 GHz. The measurements were conducted with EB Propsound CS TM for 30 x 16 antenna configuration in Oulu city center, Finland. The transmitter (Tx) antenna heights of 5 m and 10 m were used. The Tx antenna elements were arranged in the plus shape and nine antenna elements were placed with linear spacing in the vertical dimension providing high elevation resolution and an accurate elevation angle estimate for the departure angles. The measurement results indicate that the Laplacian distribution can be used for modelling the elevation angles of departure. A smaller elevation spread of departure (ESD) is observed for the higher Tx antenna height. Furthermore, a significant difference in ESDs between the line-of-sight (LOS) and the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) propagation environments are noticed. The ESD with respect to distance is observed to follow the negative exponential model and the linear model in the LOS and the NLOS propagation environments, respectively.

Elevation Beamforming With Full Dimension MIMO Architectures in 5G Systems: A Tutorial

“…There is still ongoing work in both industry and academia on improving the 3D channel model and the estimates of different elevation domain parameters [79]- [82]. An analysis of the elevation domain parameters in the urban microcell scenario with channel measurements at 2.3 GHz center frequency can be found in [79]. A smaller ESD was observed for higher Tx antenna height.…”

Radio propagation modeling for 5G mobile and wireless communications

“…Model parameter extraction for new scenarios (e.g., moving networks, stadium, UDN, and new frequencies above 6 GHz) is a crucial aspect of fulfi lling the requirements of the channel model for 5G simulations. Thus, the METIS stochastic model extension especially focuses on modeling three-dimensional spatial channels in urban microcellular environments, dense urban small cell scenarios, and short-range indoor and outdoor 60 GHz channels (e.g., [9,10,15,16]). The extension includes the following [10] (also see Table 1): • New frequency agile path loss model for UMi street canyon scenarios covering a frequency from 0.8 to 60.4 GHz • Model parametrization at 60 GHz in shopping mall [9] and open square scenarios • Generation of large-scale parameters based on the sum-of-sinusoids method in order to support spatial consistency in the case of moving transmitters and receivers • Direct sampling of the Laplacian shaped angular spectrum in order to support very large array antennas • Explicit placing of scattering clusters between TX and RX locations in order to allow for spherical wave modeling to be used Each of these features was established and supported based on the evidence obtained through extensive channel measurements; the details of the measurements and evidence can be found in [10].…”