Elevation Pattern Analysis of Common Passive Bistatic Radar Illuminators of Opportunity

Abstract

In this paper the elevation coverage of common passive radar illuminators of opportunity is evaluated. In constructing radar performance metrics, it is imperative to include the radiation characteristics of the source, both in azimuth and elevation. Many passive radar performance studies have only considered one plane, the azimuth, neglecting to incorporate the elevation plane in models. The non-inclusion of elevation patterns has primarily been due to lack of precise details of their specification and nature. The authors have consulted the broadcast antenna manufacturing industry and present here transmitter elevation patterns for the three prevalent passive radar illuminators of opportunity, FM radio, DAB, and DVB-T. The patterns presented are typical of broadcast patterns in use throughout the world. The patterns have already been used by a number of national research institutes for more accurate passive radar system modelling. It is shown that airborne targets frequently reside outside of the elevation mainlobe, which has direct consequences for target detection performance.

Parasitic Surveillance Potentialities Based on a GEO-SAR Illuminator

“…However, the main limitation of VHF/UHF emitters is the poor achievable accuracy in terms of target localization and motion parameter's estimation due to the low available carrier frequency and bandwidth, being unsuitable for use against dense traffic in the area surrounding airports. Moreover, the radiative characteristics of typical ground-based transmitters [38] and the emitted waveform can significantly affect the achievable performance.…”

Array‐based target localisation in ATSC DTV passive radar

“…The cases with particularly poor detection are datasets 1 (36%) and 2 (20%). These involve high altitude targets at significant elevations from the illuminating transmitter where the effects of beam tilt and narrow elevation main lobes – radiation characteristics of the typical broadcast antenna, on detection become significant [40].…”

GNSS Imaging: A Case Study of Tree Detection Based on Beidou Geo Satellites

“…For a fixed receiver and the GEO satellite with fixed azimuth and elevation, formula (2) shows that a certain number of grids have the same path delay. Therefore, the grids that satisfy the given path delay R d0 calculated in Section 2.3 will form an arc (thick solid line in Fig.…”

“…In this process, interpolation is applied to the correlation curve for higher resolution, which can be done by zero-padding in frequency domain; then, the curve is back-projected to the imaging area based on formula (2).…”

“…For instance, the synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) image based on TerraSAR-X was obtained with fixed receiver in 2016 [1], and the elevation pattern of passive bistatic radar was analyzed [2]. Besides, a resolution enhancement method has been proposed for bistatic imaging in burst-mode [3].…”