Elicitins from Phytophthora and basic resistance in tobacco.

Abstract

Elicitins are a family of small proteins secreted by species of Phytophthora. They are thought to be major determinants of the resistance response of tobacco against these oomycetes, since purified elicitins, alone and at low concentrations, can induce vigorous defense responses in tobacco (i.e., hypersensitive cell death and resistance against subsequent pathogen attack), and in vitro elicitin production by Phytophthora isolates is strongly negatively correlated with their pathogenicity on tobacco plants. A

Oligandrin. A Proteinaceous Molecule Produced by the MycoparasitePythium oligandrum Induces Resistance to Phytophthora parasitica Infection in Tomato Plants

“…Among the resistance elicitors identified so far, fungal-derived proteinaceous molecules with high elicitor activity (Yu, 1995) are attracting a lot of attention not only because of their specific mechanisms of action on gene expression in plants (Ponchet et al, 1999) but also because their simple nature offers the best prospects for the production of synthetic analogs that can be introduced as a new biocontrol strategy in plant disease management.…”

A Phytophthora sojae Glycoside Hydrolase 12 Protein Is a Major Virulence Factor during Soybean Infection and Is Recognized as a PAMP

“…Plants can recognize many different PAMPs from bacteria and fungi (Newman et al, 2013). PAMPs identified so far from oomycetes include b-glucans, heptaglucoside, transglutaminase (Pep13), cellulose binding elicitor lectins, and elicitins (Sharp et al, 1984;Yu, 1995;Enkerli et al, 1999;Klarzynski et al, 2000;Brunner et al, 2002;Gaulin et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2014). Nevertheless, the mechanisms that allow plants to perceive oomycetes as non-self and to defend against infection remain only partly known.…”

Induction of defense responses in tobacco by the protein Nep1 from Fusarium oxysporum

“…Some of the plant responses induced by fungal elicitors include: ion fluxes across the plasma membrane, generation of AOS, changes in phosphorylation of specific proteins, transcription activation of various defense genes, induction of phytoalexin synthesis, ethylene biosynthesis, and localized cell death (hypersensitive response). The defense responses elicited by the EIX from Trichoderma 6iride have been well-characterized [18][19][20][21], and a group of small molecular weight proteins from Phytophthora species, known as elicitins, have also received considerable research attention [22][23][24]. Some of these proteins, Harpin being the most detailed [25][26][27], are capable of inducing systemic acquired resistance that protects plants against multiple diseases and even insects.…”