Elimination of Chrysanthemum Chlorotic Mottle Viroid (CChMVd) Recently Detected in Japan by Leaf-primordia Free Shoot Apical Meristem Culture from Infected Cultivars

Production of <i>Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus</i>-free Parthenocarpic Tomato Plants by Leaf Primordia-free Shoot Apical Meristem Culture Combined with <i>in vitro</i> Grafting

“…This will enable incorporation of the tissue culture process in a fallow period of parthenocarpic tomato cultivation. Second, because LP-free SAM culture can eliminate viroids, which are very difficult to eliminate by conventional apical meristem culture methods (Hosokawa et al, 2004b(Hosokawa et al, , 2005, it will be possible to eliminate other pathogens that threaten tomato production, such as tomato spotted wilt virus or tomato chlorotic dwarf viroid. The technique developed in this study will contribute to the efficient elimination of TYLCV from vegetatively propagated parthenocarpic tomatoes.…”

“…The smallest explants are those that typically will be the least successful during in vitro culture but will produce the highest proportion of virus-free plants (Dale and Cheyne, 1993). Leaf primordia (LP)-free shoot apical meristem (SAM) culture, which is an improved method of conventional shoot-tip culture, can eliminate diseases that are very difficult to eliminate, such as viroids (Hosokawa et al, 2004b(Hosokawa et al, , 2005. In the present study, LP-free SAM culture combined with subsequent in vitro grafting was conducted to eliminate TYLCV from the parthenocarpic tomatoes.…”

Leaf Primordia-Free Shoot Apical Meristem Culture: A New Method for Production of Viroid-Free Plants

“…Although the magnitude of CSVd infection of chrysanthemum plants varies between cultivars, the general symptoms are as follows (Brierley and Smith, 1949;Dimock, 1947;Hollings and Stone, 1973;Horst and Langhans, 1977): young leaves turn pale green, plant height decreases (stunting), the anthocyanin in stems disappears, leaves and flowers become small, and rooting ability decreases. On the other hand, the problem of CChMVd infection in chrysanthemum cultivation is currently restricted to a small area (Flores et al, 2003); however, CChMVd infection has recently been reported in Japanese chrysanthemum cultivars (Hosokawa et al, 2005;Yamamoto and Sano, 2005) and chrysanthemum cut flowers imported from Europe (Hosokawa et al, 2005). CChMVd diseases were observed in young leaves, i.e., young leaves had turned pale green (Flores et al, 2003).…”

An epidemiological survey of Chrysanthemum chlorotic mottle viroid in Akita Prefecture as a model region in Japan

“…Although Japan has long been alarmed about invasion of the disease from overseas (Yamaguchi 1979), CChMVd was first detected in Akita Prefecture in 2003 (Yamamoto and Sano 2005) and soon after in Aomori Prefecture (unpublished results) and six other prefectures (Hosokawa et al 2005). However, the spread of CChMVd in Japan remains unclear, because epidemiological studies have not yet been conducted.…”