Elimination of intravenously injected malathion in sheep

Muan, Berit; Soeli, Nils E.; Skaare, Janneche Utne

doi:10.1021/jf00088a059

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In fish with activated MFO the relative ratios of metabolites were changed in favour for DPDT (26.4 %) and DPTL (30.3 %), whereas the ratios of DPTN and DP decreased. The present study was mainly concerned with the metabolites retained by the different tested organs rather than the mono-and dicarboxylic acid derivatives of malathion which are excreted to the surrounding water (Huston andRoberts 1985, Muan andShare 1989). Several enzymatic systems are likely to be involved in malathion metabolism.…”

Section: Figure 1 Separation Of Malathion and Its Metabolities By Glc ·mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of In Vivo Metabolism of Malathion in Male Tilapia nilotica

El‐Dib

El-Elaimy

Kotb

et al. 1996

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Uptake and metabolism of organophosphorus insecticides are of major concern for monitoring their residues in fish and assessment of their metabolic fate. In addition activation of mixed function oxidases (MFO) may help in the study of metabolic pathways of malathion (Hassall 1990).The present investigation aimed to follow the accumulation of malathion by the male Tilapia nilotica which is widely distributed in Nile River in Egpt. In vivo metabolism of the insecticide in exposed fish was also studied, both in the normal fish and those injected by phenolbarbital which leads to MFO activation. MATERIALS AND METHODSAdult T. nilotica were collected from River Nile, nearby Cairo, Egypt. Fishes weighing about 100-150 g were kept in glass aquaria (80 X 40 X 60 cm) containing river water. The general characteristics of river water are given in Table 1. The water samples were very low in heavy metals (concentration levels of Hg, Cd,Co, Cr and Pb were < 0.005 mg/L). The fish were fed twice daily a commercial diet (mixed protein and carbohydrate) and were kept at room temperature (25°C ± 2°C) for 48 hr before running the experiments. Male fishes were selected for this study to unify the specific xenobiotic enzymes liable to be involved in vivo degradation. either before or after injection with phenolbarbital. Malathion (O,O-dimethyl-S-1,2-di(ethoxy carbonylethyl) phosphorodithioate)) together with four metabolites, namely, O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate (DPDT): O,O-dimethyl-phosphorothiolate (DPTL), O,O-dimethyl-phosphorothionate(DTN) and O,O-dimethylphosphate (DP), having a purity of 99 % were used (Sigma. USA) Phenolbarbital was used as an activator of MFO and was obtained from BDH, England. Ethyl alcohol was the solvent used for all chemicals used in this study.A group of 60 male fishes were equally distributed into four aquaria containing river water (20 L). One aquarium served as control to which an appropriate volume of ethyl alcohol (1 ml/L) was added. The three others were fortified with malathion to yield final concentrations of 200, 500 and 1000 µg/L. Fishes of each group were sampled at time intervals of 1, 3, 5 and 7 -d of exposure. Each sample Correspondence to: M. A. El-Dib

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Section: Figure 1 Separation Of Malathion and Its Metabolities By Glc ·mentioning

confidence: 99%

Activation of In Vivo Metabolism of Malathion in Male Tilapia nilotica

El‐Dib

El-Elaimy

Kotb

et al. 1996

Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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“…(1:1) extraction, silica gel column cleanup, and GC-NPD (120); acephate and its principal metabolite, methamidophos, in treated leaves by ethyl acetate extraction, cleanup in a carbon minicolumn, and PTGC-NPD (121); separation of fenitrothion, its oxy analog fenoxon, and the sulfones and sulfoxides of each by HPLC in a C-8 column with 50 % aqueous acetone mobile phase (122); fenthion and its oxidative metabolites from olive oil by conversion to their sulfones through reaction with KMn04 and measurement by GC-NPD (123) ; fenamiphos and its metabolites in soil by RP-HPLC (124) ; chlorpyrifos and its metabolites in rice by GC-NPD and -ELCD (125); primiphos-methyl in pasta by GC/ion trap CIMS ( 126); metabolites of malathion in biological samples using GC-NPD with MS confirmation (127); flow injection determination of paraoxon by inhibition of immobilized acetylcholinesterase (128); acephate in aqueous extracts of agricultural soils by C-18 HPLC-UV (215 nm) (129); dimethoate in chrysanthemums and soil by GC-NPD (130); and terbufos sulfoxide and its hydration product by GC/MS (131). The performance and specificities of mono-and polyclonal antibody-based assays for fenitrothion in grain were studied, and measured concentrations were compared with those obtained by GC (132).…”

Section: Organophosphorus Pesticidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides

Sherma¹

1993

Anal. Chem.

114

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This review covers the literature on pesticide analysis abstracted and/or published in the period between December 1, 1990 and December 1, 1992. The major sources of information were the primary abstracting journals Chemical Abstracts and Analytical Abstracts. Journals that were searched directly include Journal of the AO AC International, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Analytical Chemistry, Analyst, Chromatographia, and Journal of Chromatography (including its bibliography issues). The review is devoted mainly to methods for the determination of residues of pesticides in a wide variety of sample matrices. Areas that are included are listed in the Review Contents. Some coverage is given to the analysis of related industrial chemicals, such as PCBs dioxins, and furans, but pesticide formulation analysis is not reviewed. The attempt was made to choose only the most important publications describing significant advances in methodology, instrumentation, and applications that would be readily available to readers of this journal. Abstract citations are given for references from the more obscure journals and those not published in English. Abbreviations used throughout this review are listed in Table I. Pesticide abbreviations, common names, and trade names are used according to the Pesticide Dictionary of the Farm Chemicals Handbook '92, Meister Publishing Co., Willoughby, OH.Multiresidue methods are used by federal (FDA, USDA, EPA) and state regulatory and monitoring laboratories to analyze a range of pesticide classes in a variety of sample matrices. Multiresidue and single residue methods generally consis tof the following basic steps: extraction of the analyte(s) from the sample matrix; cleanup to remove interfering coextractants; conversion of the analyte to a readily analyzed derivative (if needed); separation of the analytes from each otheT and any remaining interferences, usually by GC or HPLC; detection; quantification by comparison of the detector response of the sample to that of standards; and confirmation of results using an ancillary method, such as MS. Among the more widely used MRMs and SMRMs (which are suitable for pesticides of only a single class) are those of Mills; Mills, Onley, and Gaither; Storherr; Luke; and Krause (1). The Luke method, which involves an aqueous acetone Joseph Sherma received a B.S In chemistry from Upsala College, East Orange. NJ, In 1958 and a Ph.D. in analytical chemistry from Rutgers University in 1958. His thesis research in ion exchange chromatography was under the direction of the late Wm. Rieman III. Dr. Sherma joined the faculty of Lafayette College in Sept 1958 and is presently John D.& Frances H. Larkin Professor and Head of the Department of Chemistry and is in charge of three courses in analytical chemistry. Dr. Sherma independently and with others has written or edited over 370 papers, chapters, books, and reviews covering chromatographic andanalytical methods. His current research Interests are ...

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“…21,22 Malathion resembles substrates of esterases that are known to stereospecifically hydrolyze one ester from a racemate, 23-25 although the succinate diethyl ester may be less preferred as a substrate. Assuming malathion is a substrate, enzymatic resolution would form a separable, carboxylic acid of one enantiomer and an unreacted malathion enantiomer (Scheme 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemoenzymatic resolution of rac-malathion

Hitt

Belabassi²,

Suhy³

et al. 2014

Tetrahedron: Asymmetry

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Malathion, diethyl 2-[(dimethoxyphosphorothioyl)sulfanyl]butanedioate, is an organophosphate used to control insect pests. Malathion contains a diethyl succinate moiety that is a known functional group susceptible to desymmetrizing enzymes such as esterases that selectively react with a single enantiomer. Purified rac-malathion was subjected to hydrolysis at the diethyl succinate moiety of malathion under various conditions using wild type pig liver esterase to form (S)-malathion (12 % ee) and ~ 3:2 mixture of α- and β-monoacids of (R)-malathion. Technical malathion could not be enriched due to the presence of esterase inhibitors. Further investigation of this resolution using a panel of six PLE isoenzymes also demonstrated formation of (S)-malathion, however, an improvement of up to 56 % ee was obtained.

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Elimination of intravenously injected malathion in sheep

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

Activation of In Vivo Metabolism of Malathion in Male Tilapia nilotica

Activation of In Vivo Metabolism of Malathion in Male Tilapia nilotica

Pesticides

Chemoenzymatic resolution of rac-malathion

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