ELIMINATION OF PENICILLIN RESISTANCE OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS BY TREATMENT WITH ACRIFLAVINE

Abstract

FIG. 1. Fluorescent-antibody stainingi of Bacillus anthracis in a tissue imprint of dried meat. Due to the intense staining of the large quantity of capsular material, the organisms have a hazy appearance. 1,250 X. diagnosis of anthrax, since the organisms can test. Attention should be given to the epidemibe detected with rapidity in the tissues and ological and clinical features of the disease, since lesions. Therapeutic and control measures then the fluorescence of some nonpathogenic, gramcan be instituted. The presence of viable organpositive, sporeforming bacilli superficially may isms is not a requirement for application of the resemble that of B. anthraci.s.

Lability of Streptomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

“…Many papers have described the unstable resistance in staphylococci including the resistance to macrolide antibiotics [11,13,16], TC [1,8,10], PC [2,3,7,9,13,15], kanamycin [4] and chloramphenicol [4,9]. The first results of irreversible elimination of resistance to macrolide (Mac) antibiotics led us to the conclusion that the determinant responsible for Mac-resistance in staphylococci is located extrachromosomaly, probably being on a plasmid [11,16].…”

“…The first results of irreversible elimination of resistance to macrolide (Mac) antibiotics led us to the conclusion that the determinant responsible for Mac-resistance in staphylococci is located extrachromosomaly, probably being on a plasmid [11,16]. According to transduction analysis and genetic investigation, it was concluded that there were probably two plasmids; one carrying a PC-resistance determinant and another harboring both PC-and Mac-re-sistance determinants [7,[13][14][15][16]. Thereafter, many papers presented further proof that the genetic determinants for drugresistance in staphylococci are located on plasmid.…”

“…According to the results described in this article, it was concluded that the determinants responsible for SM-resistance were unstable and could be irreversibly lost from their host strains in some staphylococci. These facts have added an additional proof that the genetic determinant(s) for SM-resistance are unstable and are easily and irreversively lost during storage or by treatment with high temperatures in some strains of staphylococci, in addition to the determinants for Mac [11,13,16], TC [1,8,10], PC [2,3,7,13], kanamycin [4] and chloramphenicol [4,9] resistance. We conclude therefore that the unstable SM-determinant is located on a plasmid.…”

The Genetic Determinant of Staphylococcal Penicillinase*

“…Third, a variety of ordinarily nonmutagenic agents have been found to promote the appearance of penicillinase-negative variants in cultures of penicillinase-positive staphylococci. Among these agents are heat (Bondi et aE., 1953) ; novobiocin (Novick, 19636) ; quinine, tetracycline, glucose, and certain detergents (Borowski, 1964) ; and acridine dyes (Harmon & Baldwin, 1964;Hashimoto et al, 1964). In none of these cases can the distinction be made on the basis of available evidence between "curing" and the selection of spontaneous negatives.…”

Comparison of the Chromosomal and Extrachromosomal Genetic Determinants Controlling Staphylococcal Penicillinase Production

“…It has been demonstrated that the genetic determinant of penicillinase (PC-ase) formation in Staphylococcus aureus is incorporated in an extrachromosomal element (plasmid) [3,5]. On the other hand, Asheshov [1] has presented evidence suggesting that the genetic determinant for PC-ase formation in a strain of S. aureus is chromosomally located.…”