Elite athletes on regular training show more pronounced induction of vaccine-specific T-cells and antibodies after tetravalent influenza vaccination than controls

Ledo, Alexandra; Schub, David; Ziller, Clemens; Enders, Martin; Stenger, Tanja; Гартнер, Барбара; Schmidt, Tina; Meyer, Tim; Sester, Martina

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2019.09.024

Cited by 34 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Previously proposed underlying mechanisms for the anti-neoplastic effects of exercise include effects on weight control and endocrine hormone levels, as well as altered tumor vascularization ( Betof et al, 2015 ) and immune function ( Gleeson et al, 2011 ). Exercise has been shown to reduce systemic inflammation ( Gleeson et al, 2011 ), cause increases in circulating numbers of immune cells ( Gustafson et al, 2017 ) and enhance vaccination response ( Ledo et al, 2020 ). Systemic levels of both CD8+ T cell and NK cell levels increase transiently in response to acute exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic T-cells mediate exercise-induced reductions in tumor growth

Rundqvist

Veliça

Barbieri

et al. 2020

eLife

138

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Exercise has a wide range of systemic effects. In animal models, repeated exertion reduces malignant tumor progression, and clinically, exercise can improve outcome for cancer patients. The etiology of the effects of exercise on tumor progression are unclear, as are the cellular actors involved. We show here that in mice, exercise-induced reduction in tumor growth is dependent on CD8+ T cells, and that metabolites produced in skeletal muscle and excreted into plasma at high levels during exertion in both mice and humans enhance the effector profile of CD8+ T-cells. We found that activated murine CD8+ T cells alter their central carbon metabolism in response to exertion in vivo, and that immune cells from trained mice are more potent antitumor effector cells when transferred into tumor-bearing untrained animals. These data demonstrate that CD8+ T cells are metabolically altered by exercise in a manner that acts to improve their antitumoral efficacy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic T-cells mediate exercise-induced reductions in tumor growth

Rundqvist

Veliça

Barbieri

et al. 2020

eLife

138

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“…This difference in repertoire might perhaps be due to the special regimes endured by cosmonauts to prepare them for spaceflight, as it was shown, for example, that training impacts humoral immunity. [46][47][48] F I G U R E 6 Effect of spaceflight on CDR3. CDR3 sequences were analyzed at different time points: L-25 (n = 5), F+64 (n = 4), F+129 (n = 3), R+1 (n = 5), R+7 (n = 5), and R+30 (n = 3).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our data demonstrated that the IgM repertoire of cosmonauts before flight was different from that of controls because it was much more reworked during B lymphopoiesis as more RAG‐mediated secondary recombination of previously rearranged IgH gene segments occurred, as attested by the study of IGHV replacement signatures. This difference in repertoire might perhaps be due to the special regimes endured by cosmonauts to prepare them for spaceflight, as it was shown, for example, that training impacts humoral immunity 46‐48 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity of the human IgM repertoire in response to long‐term spaceflight

et al. 2020

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Immune dysregulation is among the main adverse outcomes of spaceflight. Despite the crucial role of the antibody repertoire in host protection, the effects of spaceflight on the human antibody repertoire are unknown. Consequently, using high-throughput sequencing, we examined the IgM repertoire of five cosmonauts 25 days before launch, after 64 ± 11 and 129 ± 20 days spent on the International Space Station (ISS), and at 1, 7, and 30 days after landing. This is the first study of this kind in humans. Our data revealed that the IgM repertoire of the cosmonauts was different from that of control subjects (n = 4) prior to launch and that two out the five analyzed cosmonauts presented significant changes in their IgM repertoire during the mission. These modifications persisted up to 30 days after landing, likely affected the specificities of IgM binding sites, correlated with changes in the V(D)J recombination process responsible for creating antibody genes, and coincided with a higher stress response. These data confirm that the immune system of approximately half of the astronauts who spent 6 months on the ISS is sensitive to spaceflight conditions, and 2 | BUCHHEIM Et al. F I G U R E 4 The cosmonaut IgM repertoire is different from that of the controls. A, Dot blots show individual dispersion indexes for unique VDJ associations in controls (n = 4) and cosmonauts (n = 5) at the beginning of the study (left panel) and 8 months later for controls or 7 days after landing for cosmonauts (right panel). B, Dot blots show the individual frequency of IGHV replacement footprints at the same time points. Statistically significant differences were found using unpaired t tests (A) and Mann-Whitney U tests (B). *P ≤ .

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“…The fact that CD8 T cells did not correlate with antibody levels emphasizes that analysis of antibodies alone may be insu cient to evaluate protection from severe disease. We have previously shown that a pronounced induction of antigen-speci c T-cell levels after infection with SARS-CoV-2 17 , with varicella zoster virus 18 , or after in uenza-vaccination 19 is paralleled by an upregulation of CTLA-4 on speci c T cells which may serve to counteract excessive T-cell proliferation and/or T-cell mediated immunopathology. Interestingly, we now show that the strongest expression of CTLA-4 on spike-speci c CD4 and CD8 T cells was found in the four vaccine groups with the most pronounced induction of CD4 and CD8 T cells after vaccination, whereas CTLA-4 expression in individuals after homologous ChAdOx vaccination was signi cantly lower, which supports a less potent boost of T-cell immunity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head-to-head analysis of immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19-priming and BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273-boosting with homologous COVID-19 vaccine regimens

Sester

Klemis

Schmidt

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Head-to-head analyses of immunogenicity and reactogenicity between the authorized homologous vaccine-regimens and heterologous combinations thereof are currently limited. Using a convenience cohort of 331 healthy individuals, we show that humoral and cellular immunity after vaccination with ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 followed by either BNT162b2 (n=66) or mRNA-1273 (n=101) is equivalent or superior to homologous mRNA-regimens (n=43 BNT162b2, n=59 mRNA-1273), and more pronounced than after homologous ChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccination (n=62). Levels of spike-specific CD8 T cells were highest in both heterologous regimens, and significantly higher than all three homologous combinations. Among mRNA-containing combinations, spike-specific CD4 T-cell levels in regimens including mRNA-1273 were higher than respective combinations with BNT162b2. Polyfunctional T-cell levels were highest in regimens based on ChAdOx1-nCoV-19-priming. All five regimens were well tolerated with most pronounced reactogenicity upon ChAdOx1-nCoV-19-priming and mRNA-1273-boosting. In conclusion, immunogenicity after heterologous vector/mRNA-boosting and homologous mRNA-regimens is superior to homologous vector-regimens with notable differences between mRNA vaccines.

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Elite athletes on regular training show more pronounced induction of vaccine-specific T-cells and antibodies after tetravalent influenza vaccination than controls

Cited by 34 publications

References 50 publications

Cytotoxic T-cells mediate exercise-induced reductions in tumor growth

Cytotoxic T-cells mediate exercise-induced reductions in tumor growth

Plasticity of the human IgM repertoire in response to long‐term spaceflight

Head-to-head analysis of immunogenicity and reactogenicity of heterologous ChAdOx1 nCoV-19-priming and BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273-boosting with homologous COVID-19 vaccine regimens

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