Elites, masses, and democratic decline in Indonesia

Aspinall, Edward; Fossati, Diego; Muhtadi, Burhanuddin; Warburton, Eve

doi:10.1080/13510347.2019.1680971

Cited by 56 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…If we follow the regular assessments made by the Freedom House yearly, we can observe that Indonesian democracy is generally not consolidated and shows signs of decline (Freedom House 2020). A number of studies present a similar conclusion (Hadiz 2017;Mietzner 2018;Warburton and Aspinall 2019;Aspinall et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

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Intolerant Democrat Syndrome: The Problem of Indonesian Democratic Consolidation

Mujani¹

2020

Jurnal Politik

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Indonesia underwent democratization after more than 20 years (1998–2020), but many studies conclude that the country’s democracy is not consolidated and suffered a setback, at least in the last five years. An increase in political intolerance in society is believed to be the cause of this setback. However, studies on Indonesian political tolerance are biased and thus do not reflect actual conditions of general tolerance. This study offers a new unbiased strategy called “content-controlled measures of political tolerance” in the research on political tolerance. This strategy has been used in a series of national public opinion surveys for a relatively long period (2004–2019) and is a source of scarce data for this study. Results present a new finding that preference for democracy, as a measure of democratic consolidation at the attitudinal level, is not accompanied by political tolerance. In fact, political tolerance weakens the consolidation of democracy, which is a symptom of a condition that the author calls the “intolerant democrat syndrome.” In this syndrome, preference for democracy is hampered by political tolerance and vice versa. This syndrome makes the consolidation of Indonesian democracy difficult. Further research on the causes of the emergence of this syndrome is necessary; however, the author suspects that the current constitution contributes systematically to this syndrome.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…A number of other studies present a similar interpretation that Indonesian democracy declined at least in the last five years (Hadiz 2017;Menchik 2019;Warburton and Aspinall 2019;Aspinall et al 2020;Mietzner 2020). The reasons for this decline are related to the issue of civil liberties or tolerance and pluralism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Intolerant Democrat Syndrome: The Problem of Indonesian Democratic Consolidation

Mujani¹

2020

Jurnal Politik

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“…This study is important in expanding the study of formal political practice in the achievement of democracy that is considered to have ups and downs (Kurniawan, 2016;Romli, 2018) or in decline (Aspinall et al, 2020). This article is different from a previous study by Ekowati (2019) which discusses the pragmatism of political parties in elections, Aziz (2016) which examines the politics of the election budget, Farchan et al (2016) unraveling the problem of elections (Hutapea, 2015) the dynamics of election law in Indonesia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Impact of Simultaneous Local Elections (Pilkada) for the Achievement of Democratic Consolidation in the Election of Governors and Deputy Governors of Central Sulawesi

Asrifai

2020

J. Bina Praja

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Researchers' interest in studying the quality of democracy in Indonesia has been developed since the reform era. Although there was a pessimistic view on Indonesian democracy's achievement, the quality of Indonesian democracy has experienced significant development in a proper political perspective. The dynamics of the first wave of regional head elections in 2015 feature the face of Indonesian democracy nationally. Democratization at the national level is awakened by strengthening democracy at the local level. This paper aims to determine the impact of the Direct Regional Head Election (Pemilihan Langung Kepala Daerah - Pilkada) concurrent in Central Sulawesi to achieve Indonesia's democratic consolidation. This research was conducted by a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach that explained, described, and analyzed the implementation of the election of Governors and Deputy Governors of Central Sulawesi in 2015 to achieve democratic consolidation. The results showed that simultaneous elections have achieved strengthening democratic consolidation. This condition is seen in several aspects. Namely the development of a free civil society, the development of an open political society; the right rule of law; government effectiveness; and democratic culture development.

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“…If the antagonistic narratives like the one above are still used in every political campaign activity on social media, then the reasoning of the critical society will be eroded so that the Indonesian people will continue to improve the divisions that were aired at the 2014 presidential election and currently underway at the 2019 presidential election, and will also allow constantly on the momentum of the next political contestation (Aspinall, Fossati, Muhtadi, & Warburton, 2019). The contestation may be resolved, but the social cognition of the people will continue to be divided because of the political agonism that are performed on social media.…”

Section: The Ideology Behind the Political Campaign Of 2019 Presidentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Political Agonism for Indonesian Cyberpolitic: Critical Cyberculture to Political Campaign of 2019 Indonesian Presidential Election in Twitter

Gusfa

Kadjuand

2020

NJOC

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In this era of third-generation media, political battles not only occur in the real world but also occur in cyberspace. Various strategies and products of political campaigns using social media have become commonplace in political communication. This happens because along with the disruption of public communication media, conventional campaign ideas and models have also expanded into cyber channels and shaped cyber politics reality. The uniqueness of this research is antagonistic narratives such as hoax, ethnicity, religion, race, intergroup, and provocation in the 2019 Presidential Election political campaign on Twitter from January 1st, 2019 to April 13th, 2019. This research intends to critically analyze the narrative of political campaigns on Twitter using the Agonism Cyber-politic approach. The method used in this research is Multimodal Critical Cyberculture Analysis to analyze the multimodality text (text and image components), Using hashtags to amplificated a political narration, and the antagonism narrations that develops on Twitter by supporting accounts of Jokowi and Prabowo. The results showed that the @jokowi and @prabowo accounts were the accounts with the highest engagement in spreading political campaign narratives on Twitter. The @jokowi account uses optimistic narratives, while @prabowo tends to use pessimistic narratives. Nevertheless, there are so many antagonism narratives like hoax, fake news, propaganda, and politicization of SARA which are specified by anonymous accounts. These antagonistic narratives are more developed in cyber politics discourse on Twitter. The result is horizontal conflict among Indonesian people. The community represented by netizens experienced division and formed two clusters. This fact certainly reduces the meaning of Indonesian democracy which should be substantive to mere procedural. It was found out that the concept of agonistic politics becomes practice of Indonesian democracy, based on the philosophy of the Indonesian nation Keywords: Jokowi, Prabowo, 2019 Presidential Election, political campaign, twitter, cyber politic, Indonesian cyber-democracy ABSTRAKDi era media generasi ketiga sekarang ini, pertarungan politik tidak hanya terjadi di dunia nyata, tetapi juga terjadi di dunia maya. Berbagai strategi dan produk kampanye politik menggunakan media sosial menjadi hal yang lumrah dalam komunikasi politik. Hal ini terjadi karena seiring dengan terganggunya media komunikasi publik, ide dan model kampanye konvensional juga merambah ke saluran siber dan membentuk realitas politik siber. Keunikan dari penelitian ini adalah narasi antagonis seperti hoax, etnisitas, agama, ras, antargolongan, dan provokasi dalam kampanye politik Pilpres 2019 di Twitter dari 1 Januari hingga 13 April 2019. Penelitian ini ingin menganalisis secara kritis narasi kampanye politik di Twitter dengan pendekatan Agonism Cyber-politic. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Multimodal Critical Cyberculture Analysis, bertujuan untuk menganalisis teks multimodal (komponen teks dan gambar), penggunaan hashtag untuk memperkuat narasi politik, dan narasi antagonisme yang berkembang di Twitter dengan mendukung akun Jokowi dan Prabowo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akun @jokowi dan @prabowo merupakan akun yang paling banyak terlibat dalam menyebarkan narasi kampanye politik di Twitter. Akun @jokowi menggunakan narasi optimis, sedangkan @prabowo cenderung menggunakan narasi pesimistis. Namun demikian, banyak ditemukan narasi antagonisme, seperti hoax, fake news, propaganda, dan politisasi SARA yang dibocorkan oleh akun anonim. Narasi antagonis ini lebih berkembang dalam wacana politik dunia maya di Twitter. Akibatnya terjadi konflik horizontal dalam kehidupan (politik) masyarakat Indonesia. Komunitas yang diwakili oleh netizen mengalami perpecahan dan membentuk dua kluster. Fakta ini tentu mereduksi makna demokrasi Indonesia yang semestinya substantif menjadi sekadar prosedural. Konsep politik agonistik sendiri sudah menjadi bagian dari praktik demokrasi di Indonesia yang berlandaskan pada falsafah bangsa Indonesia.Kata Kunci: Jokowi, Prabowo, Pilpres 2019, kampanye politik, Twitter, politik siber, demokrasi siber Indonesia

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Elites, masses, and democratic decline in Indonesia

Cited by 56 publications

References 35 publications

Intolerant Democrat Syndrome: The Problem of Indonesian Democratic Consolidation

Intolerant Democrat Syndrome: The Problem of Indonesian Democratic Consolidation

The Impact of Simultaneous Local Elections (Pilkada) for the Achievement of Democratic Consolidation in the Election of Governors and Deputy Governors of Central Sulawesi

Political Agonism for Indonesian Cyberpolitic: Critical Cyberculture to Political Campaign of 2019 Indonesian Presidential Election in Twitter

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