Ellipsometric Study on Size-Dependent Melting Point of Nanometer-Sized Indium Particles

Zhang, Jinbo; Zheng, Yuanzhou; Zhao, Dongdong; Yang, Shang-Dong; Lu, Yang; Liu, Zhun-Hua; Zhang, Rongjun; Wang, Song-You; Zhang, Dongxu; Chen, Liang‐Yao

doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b02735

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Neyts and Bogaerts researched the melting of nano‐Ni with different particle sizes and found that the melting temperature decreases with the particle size decreasing. Similar results were also obtained by other papers . In addition, Luo et al calculated the melting enthalpy and entropy of silver nanoparticles by molecular dynamics simulation and derived that the melting enthalpy and entropy decrease with the particle size decreasing.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Influence of Size on Melting Thermodynamics of Nanoparticles: Mechanism, Factors, Range, and Degree

Duan

Xue

Cui

et al. 2018

Part & Part Syst Charact

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Particle size plays a crucial role in melting process of nanoparticles, but the mechanism, factors, range, and degree of the size effect are still unclear. Here, the precise equations of the integral melting enthalpy and entropy with radius of nanoparticles are deduced, without any adjustable parameters, and the influencing mechanism and the factors are discussed. Experimentally, the melting of spherical nano‐Au with different radii (0.9–37.4 nm) is taken as a system to research the melting behavior of nanoparticles. Combining the results of theory and experiments, the influencing regularities, range, and degree are discussed. The results indicate that there are significant effects of particle size on the temperature, integral enthalpy, and integral entropy of melting, which decrease with the radius decreasing. These effects can be attributed to specific surface area, surface tension, and its temperature coefficient. When the radius exceeds 10 nm, specific surface area is the decisive factor, there exists the linear relationships of temperature, integral enthalpy, and integral entropy of melting with the reciprocal of radius. However, when the radius is less than 10 nm, the effects of surface tension and its temperature coefficient gradually hold the main position, the linear relations do not exist.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Influence of Size on Melting Thermodynamics of Nanoparticles: Mechanism, Factors, Range, and Degree

Duan

Xue

Cui

et al. 2018

Part & Part Syst Charact

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“…Separately, the melting point of bulk In is well above room temperature ( T m = 156.6 °C), but T m for In nanoparticles can be greatly suppressed. Values as low as T m = 25 °C have been documented for In nanoparticles with radii ( r ) = 20 nm . In nanoparticles on this size scale (Figure d) consistently did not exhibit any electron diffraction patterns when probed by selected area electron diffraction measurements (Figure e).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Values as low as T m = 25 °C have been documented for In nanoparticles with radii (r) = 20 nm. 30 In nanoparticles on this size scale (Figure 1d) consistently did not exhibit any electron diffraction patterns when probed by selected area electron diffraction measurements (Figure 1e). For reference, In nanoparticles larger than this critical threshold regularly exhibited diffraction patterns consistent with solid, crystalline In in the liquid TEM holder.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Measurements of Ge Nanowire Synthesis with Liquid Metal Nanodroplets in Water

et al. 2020

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The growth of Ge nanowires in water inside a liquid transmission electron microscope (TEM) holder has been demonstrated at room temperature. Each nanowire growth event was stimulated by the incident electron beam on otherwise unsupported liquid Ga or liquid In nanodroplets. A variety of conditions were explored, including liquid metal nanodroplet surface condition, liquid metal nanodroplet size and density, formal concentration of dissolved GeO2, and electron beam intensity. The cumulative observations from a series of videos recorded during growth events suggested the following points. First, the conditions necessary for initiating nanowire growth at uncontacted liquid metal nanodroplets in a liquid TEM cell indicate the process was governed by solvated electrons generated from secondary electrons scattered by the liquid metal nanodroplets. The attained current densities were comparable to those achieved in conventional electrochemical liquid–liquid–solid (ec-LLS) growths outside of a TEM. Second, the surface condition of the liquid metal nanodroplets was quite influential on whether nanowire growth occurred and surface diffusion of Ge adatoms contributed to the rate of crystallization. Third, the Ge nanowire growth rates were limited by the feed rate of Ge to the crystal growth front rather than the rate of crystallization at the liquid metal/solid Ge interface. Estimates of an electrochemical current for the reduction of dissolved GeO2 were nominally in line with currents used for Ge nanowire growth by ec-LLS outside of the TEM. Fourth, the Ge nanowire growths in the liquid TEM cell occurred far from thermodynamic equilibrium, with supersaturation values of 104 prior to nucleation. These collective points provide insight on how to further control and improve Ge nanowire morphology and crystallographic quality by the ec-LLS method.

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“…And there is a large drop in decomposition temperature for NiS 2 -80 h. The performance of the material would become very different when the particle size reduces to nanodimension, and it would cause a dramatic performance drop in the thermal properties. [39][40][41] In addition, thermogravimetric (TG) measurement shows poor repeatability. It can be partially attributed to the increase in surface energy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS₂ as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

et al. 2020

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Nanocrystallization can shorten the Li+ transport distance, resulting in the enhancement of electrochemical activity for cathode materials. However, nanocathode materials tend to be thermally unstable, further leading to poor electrochemical performance of a battery system. This disadvantage can be especially detrimental for thermal batteries because they are often operated at high temperatures (≥450 °C). Herein, the decomposition character of NiS2 at 500 °C is investigated. The decomposition temperatures of NiS2 are found to decrease from 510 to 350 °C with the grain size decreasing to 39 nm, due to the dramatically increased surface energy. The decomposition product is confirmed to be NiS, evidenced by a high‐temperature X‐ray diffractometer. The useful mass of the cathode will reduce once the discharging temperature is higher than 500 °C. Namely, although the small grain size shorthens the Li+ transport distance, the discharge performance of the NiS2 cathode may also decrease due to its inferior thermal stability. For the Li‐B/LiF–LiCl–LiBr/NiS2 system, the NiS2 with the grain size of 70 nm shows the highest specific capacity of 831 mAh g−1 under the discharging temperature of 500 °C, with the cut‐off voltage of 0.5 V, compared with other grain sizes from 39 to 112 nm.

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Ellipsometric Study on Size-Dependent Melting Point of Nanometer-Sized Indium Particles

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Influence of Size on Melting Thermodynamics of Nanoparticles: Mechanism, Factors, Range, and Degree

Influence of Size on Melting Thermodynamics of Nanoparticles: Mechanism, Factors, Range, and Degree

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Measurements of Ge Nanowire Synthesis with Liquid Metal Nanodroplets in Water

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS₂ as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

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Ellipsometric Study on Size-Dependent Melting Point of Nanometer-Sized Indium Particles

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Influence of Size on Melting Thermodynamics of Nanoparticles: Mechanism, Factors, Range, and Degree

Influence of Size on Melting Thermodynamics of Nanoparticles: Mechanism, Factors, Range, and Degree

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Measurements of Ge Nanowire Synthesis with Liquid Metal Nanodroplets in Water

Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS2 as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material

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Thermal Stability of Nanocrystalline NiS₂ as High Specific Capacity Thermal Battery Cathode Material