Elongational and shear flow behavior of calcium carbonate filled low density polyethylene: Effect of filler particle size, content, and surface treatment

Zoukrami, Fouzia; Haddaoui, N.; Bailly, Christian; Sclavons, Michel; Legras, Roger

doi:10.1002/app.34466

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…The aspect ratio for needle-shaped or alpine-shaped inorganic fillers will form generally in melt-spun fibers and, as a result, will orient with extrusion polymer from the spin pack. 23 The SEM images in Figures 2(e) and (f) further validate that such etching keeps moving forward at the fiber cross-sectional phase, and that the plenary phase map particles form some degree of cavity within. For example, in Figure 2(g) the cavity may form into cluster, and visible pinholes fall in the size range of 50–200 nm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…Other evidence supports the function of inorganic particles, substantially maintaining the Young's modulus as evidence supporting in cases where such impact is substantial. 23 When the fiber diameter becomes finer than 1 mm, the impact of toughness representing such a phase expansion may related to the displacement of inter-platelet deformation. Chain molecules transforming from the swelled spinneret die area to the elongational flow may bring transformation of the coiled molecules into highly extensional chain molecules.…”

Section: Weak Link Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particle shapes determine the specific surface area that is interacting with polymer shear flow in extrusion. 23 The higher specific surface glues larger polymer molecules with stearic acid-coated branches on the calcium carbonate.…”

Section: Filler Void Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure–property relationship of melt spinning polypropylene fibers containing inorganic particulate CaCO₃ fillers

Wei

Shim

Barnes

et al. 2021

Textile Research Journal

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Spinning technology using melt extrusion and spin-draw processes transforms polymeric materials into highly oriented, crystallized polymeric fibers. Thermoplastic isotactic polypropylene compound with ground CaCO3 (GCC) and precipitate CaCO3 (PCC) with stearic acid surface coating treatment was used in this study. This product was developed in masterbatch form, which contained 70% GCC in resin and 50% PCC in resin. The resulting (masterbatch pellets) polymer can be spun into fibers through a single-screw extruder. Surface and cross-sectional images of fibers were captured by optical microscopy and scanning electronic microscopy for identifying the organic/inorganic interface of fibers. The melt-spun fibers have a distinctive morphology, the particles impact on spinnability, and productivity in the spunbond will alter the mechanical property, thermal property and optical property of fiber-based products. Processing parameters, including spinning speed, throughput rate and take-up roll velocity, were systematically study to understand the structure formation. Meanwhile, different loading concentrations are applied for varied factor comparison of particle size and shape. The Weibull distribution model is applied for determining the tensile property of fibers containing high GCC dosages of 20–40%. Meanwhile, a few more steps of gauge length are utilized for studying the probability of a weak link in polymer materials. Through a systematic discussion of the GCC and PCC comparison study in changing fiber properties, the impact of the particle size on agglomeration formation is emphasized, as well as the breaking mechanism of fibers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Weak Link Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure–property relationship of melt spinning polypropylene fibers containing inorganic particulate CaCO₃ fillers

Wei

Shim

Barnes

et al. 2021

Textile Research Journal

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“…One of the polymer fillers commonly used on a commercial scale is calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ). As a readily obtainable mineral filler that facilitates processing, reduces the costs and has good dyeing properties, it has found wide application also in the film manufacture industry . A high calcium carbonate content of polyolefin composites enables the production of foils with specific properties, such as paper‐like films—which resemble conventional papers with their characteristics or microporous films .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The evaluation of extensional viscosity of highly filled polyolefins composites films with calcium carbonate

Kloziński

Jakubowska

2018

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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This article reports the results of the extensional viscosity ( ηnormalE) of polyolefins composites films. The test material was composed of ternary MDPE/iPP/CaCO3 composites with a calcium carbonate content of 48–72% by mass. The concentrations of the composites and reference materials that were PE‐MD/iPP mixtures are summarized in Table 1. For all materials the viscosity curves (rotational rheometer) and the change in mass flow rate were determined. Two types of investigated films were produced: cast films and blow films. The extensional viscosity of films (thickness ≈ 80 μm) was performed on a SER‐2 Universal Testing Platform. The influence of the addition of calcium carbonate, extrusion techniques and the direction of sample cut (MD and TD) to change the extensional viscosity were discussed. The extensional viscosity measurements ( ηE) were taken at a temperature of 140°C and for a strain rate (Hencky strain rate) of trueɛ̇normalH = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 s−1. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E155–E163, 2019. © 2018 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…Only with a low melt flow viscosity, a complete coalescence of the powder particles can occur during the short time in which the powder particles exist in the molten state. [47][48][49]. Such an increase will result in a reduction of the final part density, due to the loss of sufficient merging of the different molten powder layers.…”

Section: Rheological Properties Polymer Melt Flow Viscositymentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium Carbonate as a Functional Filler in Polyamide 12 – Manipulation of the thermal and mechanical properties

Ippolito¹

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Controlling and adjusting the thermal response properties of a polymeric compound is a key driver for improving its usability for an additive manufacturing process such as selective laser sintering, optimising the final part density as well as hardness. Adding mineral fillers to polymers was originally aimed at cost reduction. However, fillers are often used to fulfil a functional role, such as improved thermal or mechanical properties of the polymer composite. The influence of particle size distribution, filler morphology and filler amount of calcium carbonate as a mineral functional filler particle on the thermal properties in a compression-moulded polyamide 12 matrix was investigated. The possibility to combine precisely defined particle size distributions, thereby combining the benefits which each particle size range within the chosen material size distribution contributes to the matrix, was evaluated. The loss of ductility, occurring as a common downside of the introduction of a non-flexing mineral filler, has been investigated. The effect of an optimised coupling agent on the mechanical properties of a compression-moulded compound, containing polyamide 12 filled with surface modified calcium carbonate was also determined. Mineral filler modifier, namely 6- -caprolactam, L-arginine and glutamic acid, were chosen to investigate their coupling effect. The melt flowability at 190°C, the melting speed, melting and crystallisation point, degradation temperature, crystallisation time at 170 and 172°C, as well as the elongation at break were analysed. The melt properties of a polyamide 12 matrix show a significant dependency on the filler volume-based particle size. The finer and the narrower the particle size distribution of the calcium carbonate particles in the polymer matrix become, the less influence the filler has on the melting properties, influencing the melt flow less significantly than the same surface amount of broad size distribution coarse calcium carbonate filler particles. However, due to increased nucleation, the crystallisation behaviour on cooling showed a markedly more rapid onset in the case of fine sub-micrometre filler particle size. The overall thermal and flow properties can be optimised, by adjusting the morphology and particle size distribution of a coarse and fine calcium carbonate filler, blended in an optimised functional filler ratio. With an optimised surface modifying agent and/or filler morphology, the tensile strength as well as elongation at break can be improved in comparison with uncoated filler implementation, such that up to 60% of the loss of ductility and toughness of a final part when using an untreated filler could be regained using the correct amount of an optimised surface modifier. The improvements were demonstrated with a twin-screw extruded compound, indicating the potential for the usage of a functional filler within a polymer matrix as an optimised composite for additive manufacturing.

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Elongational and shear flow behavior of calcium carbonate filled low density polyethylene: Effect of filler particle size, content, and surface treatment

Cited by 9 publications

References 87 publications

Structure–property relationship of melt spinning polypropylene fibers containing inorganic particulate CaCO₃ fillers

Structure–property relationship of melt spinning polypropylene fibers containing inorganic particulate CaCO₃ fillers

The evaluation of extensional viscosity of highly filled polyolefins composites films with calcium carbonate

Calcium Carbonate as a Functional Filler in Polyamide 12 – Manipulation of the thermal and mechanical properties

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Elongational and shear flow behavior of calcium carbonate filled low density polyethylene: Effect of filler particle size, content, and surface treatment

Cited by 9 publications

References 87 publications

Structure–property relationship of melt spinning polypropylene fibers containing inorganic particulate CaCO3 fillers

Structure–property relationship of melt spinning polypropylene fibers containing inorganic particulate CaCO3 fillers

The evaluation of extensional viscosity of highly filled polyolefins composites films with calcium carbonate

Calcium Carbonate as a Functional Filler in Polyamide 12 – Manipulation of the thermal and mechanical properties

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Structure–property relationship of melt spinning polypropylene fibers containing inorganic particulate CaCO₃ fillers

Structure–property relationship of melt spinning polypropylene fibers containing inorganic particulate CaCO₃ fillers