Elucidating Diversity of Exosomes: Biophysical and Molecular Characterization Methods

Khatun, Zamila; Bhat, Anjali; Sharma, Shivani; Sharma, Aman

doi:10.2217/nnm-2016-0192

Cited by 76 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…To date, there is no consensus on standardised methods to separate the different vesicle sub-fractions in a reproducible way. As a result, isolation, characterisation and functional analysis of EVs have become a major focus in this research field [107,108].…”

Section: Isolating Protocols and Their Impact On Ev Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Message in a Bottle: Upgrading Cardiac Repair into Rejuvenation

Balbi

Costa

Barile

2020

Cells

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Ischaemic cardiac disease is associated with a loss of cardiomyocytes and an intrinsic lack of myocardial renewal. Recent work has shown that the heart retains limited cardiomyocyte proliferation, which remains inefficient when facing pathological conditions. While broadly active in the neonatal mammalian heart, this mechanism becomes quiescent soon after birth, suggesting loss of regenerative potential with maturation into adulthood. A key question is whether this temporary regenerative window can be enhanced via appropriate stimulation and further extended. Recently the search for novel therapeutic approaches for heart disease has centred on stem cell biology. The "paracrine effect" has been proposed as a promising strategy to boost endogenous reparative and regenerative mechanisms from within the cardiac tissue by exploiting the modulatory potential of soluble stem cell-secreted factors. As such, growing interest has been specifically addressed towards stem/progenitor cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), which can be easily isolated in vitro from cell-conditioned medium. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of the current paradigm on cardiac repair and regeneration, with a specific focus on the role and mechanism(s) of paracrine action of EVs from cardiac stromal progenitors as compared to exogenous stem cells in order to discuss the optimal choice for future therapy. In addition, the challenges to overcoming translational EV biology from bench to bedside for future cardiac regenerative medicine will be discussed.

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Section: Isolating Protocols and Their Impact On Ev Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Message in a Bottle: Upgrading Cardiac Repair into Rejuvenation

Balbi

Costa

Barile

2020

Cells

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“…These biomarkers are now understood to be fundamental to healthy intercellular communication and can be produced in diseased cells. Label free Raman spectroscopy is useful for verification of biological samples ranging from nanoscale to millimeter size, such as tissue [1,2], cells [3][4][5], bacteria [6,7], exosomes [8,9], and proteins [10,11]. After incident laser emission with a single wavelength, Raman spectroscopy can identify biomarkers with the spectral peak position as a fingerprint because the molecular vibrations of the sample are represented by spectra due to inelastic scattering.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Based on ZnO Nanorods for Biological Applications

Lee¹,

Kim²

2019

Zinc Oxide Based Nano Materials and Devices

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Detection of nanometer-sized biomarkers is a research topic that attracts much attention as an application for early diagnosis of diseases. Biopsy monitoring by analyzing cell secretion in a non-destructive way has many advantages in the field of biomedicine. We introduce the Raman signal enhancement method on a biosensing chip based on surface-enhanced Raman diagnosis. This approach has the advantage because the ZnO nanorods are grown to form nanoscale porosity and are coated with gold to enable size selective biomarker detection. After sputtering gold on the grown ZnO nanostructures, the unique feature of clustering the nanorod's heads first appeared. The grain formation on the head was the main factor for the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) enhancement, and this fact could be verified by finite element analysis. It has been demonstrated in breast cancer cell line that the cell viability is also high in such gold-clad ZnO nanostructure-based surface-enhanced substrates. For bioapplication, interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) animal model was prepared by injecting HCl into the bladder of a rat, and urine was collected a week later to conduct Raman spectroscopy experiments.

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“…A large number of excellent reviews have been published recently reporting the different EV isolation and characterization techniques. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] However, our goal in this review is Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently been at the center of attention of cellular biologists and physicians as their role in intercellular communications has become progressively revealed. EVs display a huge diversity concerning their biogenesis and functions, leading to a still evolving classification comprising exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies.…”

Section: Doi: 101002/adbi201700040mentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular Vesicles: Isolation Methods

2017

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently been at the center of attention of cellular biologists and physicians as their role in intercellular communications has become progressively revealed. EVs display a huge diversity concerning their biogenesis and functions, leading to a still evolving classification comprising exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies. One of the main technical challenges to studying EVs is to isolate them without interfering with their structure, in order to be able to reveal their functions and to use them as biomarkers. Moreover, the new area of therapeutically using EVs needs clinical grade methods of isolation. In this review, different methods disposable to researchers and clinicians to isolate EVs are described, focusing on the physical principles that allow understanding the advantages and limitations of each technique. The new growing field of microfluidic systems which offers the opportunity to associate isolation and characterization on a single chip will be presented highlighting its potential in the field of EV studies.

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Elucidating Diversity of Exosomes: Biophysical and Molecular Characterization Methods

Cited by 76 publications

References 69 publications

Message in a Bottle: Upgrading Cardiac Repair into Rejuvenation

Message in a Bottle: Upgrading Cardiac Repair into Rejuvenation

Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Based on ZnO Nanorods for Biological Applications

Extracellular Vesicles: Isolation Methods

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