Elucidating role of salivary proteins in denture stomatitis using a proteomic approach

Abstract

Denture stomatitis (DS) is the most common oral pathology among denture wearers, affecting over one-third of this group. DS is usually associated with C. albicans. However, unlike other oral candidiasis, most DS patients have intact host immunity. The presence of a denture alone is usually sufficient for DS. Saliva and its protein contents can theoretically predispose some denture wearers to DS and others resistant toward DS. Here we proposed for the first time to define salivary proteomic profiles of denture wearers with and without DS. SELDI-TOF/MS analysis suggests that there is a proteomic differentiation among control, localized and generalized DS. Based on initial SELDI-TOF/MS profiling, we further used reversed phase liquid chromatography, MALDI-TOF/MS, and LC-MS/MS to characterize the salivary proteins associated with DS. Nineteen proteins based on SELDI-TOF/MS profiling were found including cystatin-SN, statherin, kininogen-1, desmocollin-2, carbonic anhydrase-6, peptidyl-prolyl cis–trans isomerase A like peptides, cystatin C, and several immunoglobulin fragments. The proteomic content gives evidence of the interaction between host tissue, saliva, and candida. Further examination in larger populations of these proteins may help to gain a better understanding of DS pathological processes and improve DS treatments.

Role of salivary and candidal proteins in denture stomatitis: an exploratory proteomic analysis

“…It has been a common belief that C. albicans is the main player in DS development. We, and others, found that there are non-albicans organisms present in DS 6–8 . However, it is not entirely clear if these non-albicans candidal species play any role in the saliva of DS patients 8 .…”

“…In our previous study using SELDI-TOF analysis to investigate proteomic profiles of denture stomatitis, we identified several proteins that were upregulated in DS patients 6 . The proteins observed in the study were different than those that had previously been identified in other studies associated with other forms of oral candidasis 13–15 .…”

“…SELDI-TOF/MS identified 61 peptide masses differentially expressed between non-DS, DS II and DS III. Only 13 peptide masses are downregulated in DS compared to non-DS controls 6 . In this study, we used label-free quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomic analyses to further examine the salivary proteomic profiles of DSII and III to controls.…”

“…Proteins found in saliva have been shown to play a role as biomarkers and antifungal proteins in the presence of oral candidiasis 5, 9–11 . In our previous studies, we focused on examining host proteins and compared the proteomic profiling of edentulous patients with and without DS using surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF/MS) and further identified DS-associated salivary proteins using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) and Liquid Chromatography - Mass Spectrometry/Liquid Chromatography - Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based on SELDI- TOF/MS profiling 6 . SELDI-TOF/MS identified 61 peptide masses differentially expressed between non-DS, DS II and DS III.…”

Novel possibilities in the study of the salivary proteomic profile using SELDI-TOF/MS technology

“…Previous studies have employed the SELDI technique to search for potential biomarkers in the salivary proteome (3,6,(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48) (Table I).…”