Role of salivary and candidal proteins in denture stomatitis: an exploratory proteomic analysis

Abstract

Denture stomatitis, inflammation and redness beneath a denture, affects nearly half of all denture wearers. Candida organism, the presence of a denture, saliva, and host immunity are the key etiological factors for the condition. The role of salivary proteins in denture stomatitis is not clear. In this study 30 edentulous subjects wearing a maxillary complete denture were recruited. Unstimulated whole saliva from each subject was collected and pooled into two groups (n=15 each); healthy and stomatitis (Newton classification II and III). Label-free multidimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (2D-LC-MS/MS) proteomics on two mass spectrometry platforms were used to determine peptide mass differences between control and stomatitis groups. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to determine differential expression among the groups. The two proteomic platforms identified 97 and 176 proteins (ANOVA; p<0.01) differentially expressed among the healthy, type 2 and 3 stomatitis groups. Three proteins including carbonic anhydrase 6, cystatin C, and cystatin SN were found to be the same as previous study. Salivary proteomic profiles of patients with denture stomatitis were found to be uniquely different from controls. Analysis of protein components suggests that certain salivary proteins may predispose some patients to denture stomatitis while others are believed to be involved in the reaction to fungal infection. Analysis of candidal proteins suggest that multiple species of candidal organisms play a role in denture stomatitis.

Salivary protein biomarkers associated with orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review

“…All studies included here showed a temporal protein expression pattern (Table ). Third, saliva is composed of contribution from food, oral mucosa, respiratory tract, as well as micro‐organisms that may alter some biomarkers . Minimizing these factors may help in detecting more biomarkers that may directly be relevant to orthodontic treatment.…”

Susceptibility to Oral Antiseptics and Virulence Factors Ex Vivo Associated with Candida spp. Isolated from Dental Prostheses

“…The prevalence of Candida species depends on anatomical site, geographical location, and previous use of antifungal drugs, mainly azoles . Nevertheless, a recent proteomic study that analyzed the salivary protein profile of individuals with dental stomatitis suggested that salivary proteins might specifically predispose patients to denture stomatitis, or they might promote response to fungal infection …”

“…Coco et al reported an association between the detected amount and species of Candida and the degree of inflammation in patients with dental stomatitis. Byrd et al highlighted that, although C. glabrata has never been isolated alone, it has been detected in association with C. albicans over 80% of the time. These authors suggested that C. glabrata has some pathogenic relationship with C. albicans related to biofilm formation and inflammation.…”

“…are present in biological material obtained from patients using dental prostheses, and C. albicans has received particular attention because it is more prevalent . However, other Candida species such as C. glabrata , C. parapsilosis (present C. parapsilosis sensu stricto), C. tropicalis , and C. krusei (present Issachenkia orientalis ) have also been reported . In addition, Candida spp.…”

Tratamento da estomatite protética: revisão de literatura

“…In presence of angular stomatitis or other systemic lesion further investigations are required, such as, blood picture, smears and culture, and biopsy of the lesion. 5,6 After delivery of the complete dentures to the patients, orientation related to use, hygiene, and periodic monitoring is necessary to guarantee the functional conditions without presenting problems for the supporting tissues.…”