Elucidating sex and gender differences in diabetes: a necessary step toward personalized medicine

Mauvais-Jarvis, Franck

doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2014.11.011

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Although an increase in glucose concentration was observed in all diabetic animals when compared to controls, there was no change in the plasma insulin concentration. It could be due to the fact that, in rodents, females are less susceptible to the diabetes induction with STZ when compared to males [26,27], because the estradiol hormone in females has a protective effect upon the apoptosis induced by oxidative stress in pancreas β-cells [28]. In the same way, the body weight loss related to diabetes induction is lower in females than in males [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐power laser irradiation in salivary glands reduces glycemia in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic female rats

Fukuoka

Schröter

Nicolau

et al. 2016

Journal of Biophotonics

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Low-power laser irradiation (LPLI) has been extensively employed to modulate inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Previous reports from our group indicated that LPLI might regulate glycemia in diabetic animals. Diabetes results in chronic hyperglycemia and therefore chronic inflammation by upregulation of inflammatory markers such as the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein. Thus this study aimed to analyze the LPLI effects upon blood glucose levels, plasma insulin and HMGB1 concentrations in a diabetes experimental rat model. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were irradiated in the salivary glands area with a diode laser applied at 660 nm, 70 mW, 20 J/cm , 22.4 J, with a spot area of 0.028 cm and its effects were evaluated. LPLI significantly reduced diabetic rat hyperglycemia, without changing insulin or HMGB1 plasma levels, but possibly by ameliorating the insulin resistance in these animals. These findings suggest that LPLI might have a systemic effect, but more studies are necessary to better understand its mechanisms. Fasting blood glucose measured by peroxidase-glucose oxidase (PGO) method (A), showing a reduction of diabetic animals glycemia after LPLI. LPLI probably reduced the hyperglycemia in diabetes by improving the insulin resistance in these animals (B). C n = 10, CL n = 10, D n = 7 and DL n = 8. Data are expressed as mean ± SD; * P < 0.05 vs. respective control group; # P < 0.05 vs. D group.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐power laser irradiation in salivary glands reduces glycemia in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic female rats

Fukuoka

Schröter

Nicolau

et al. 2016

Journal of Biophotonics

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“…In these cases, the omission of females is precisely because of an acknowledged biological difference. In our view, studies of these sex differences should be emphasized, rather than ignored, because they present an opportunity to understand novel factors that reduce metabolic disease more in one sex than the other (Mauvais-Jarvis, 2015a). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The importance of studying male and female models is not just a matter of being inclusive. Rather, the comparison of the two sexes raises questions that would otherwise not be asked: What are the forces that are protective more in one sex than the other, and can those forces be harnessed for better therapy (Danska, 2014; Klein et al, 2015; Mauvais-Jarvis, 2015a)? Even if a phenotype does not show an overall sex difference, underlying mechanisms may still differ in the two sexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Guide for the Design of Pre-clinical Studies on Sex Differences in Metabolism

2017

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In animal models, the physiological systems involved in metabolic homeostasis exhibit a sex difference. Investigators often use male rodents because they show metabolic disease better than females. Thus, females are not used precisely because of an acknowledged sex difference that represents an opportunity to understand novel factors reducing metabolic disease more in one sex than the other. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) mandate to consider sex as a biological variable in preclinical research places new demands on investigators and peer reviewers who often lack expertise in model systems and experimental paradigms used in the study of sex differences. This review discusses experimental design and interpretation in studies addressing the mechanisms of sex differences in metabolic homeostasis and disease, using animal models and cells. We also highlight current limitations in research tools and attitudes that threaten to delay progress in studies of sex differences in basic animal research.

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“…The reduced levels of ovarian hormones in postmenopausal women lead to an altered body fat distribution, mainly the visceral fat, and an increased incidence of diabetes and other cardiovascular risk factors [10,11]. With age, increased body fat and risk of cardiovascular disease may be observed among men because of lower testosterone levels [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiometabolic risk factors correlated with the incidence of dysglycaemia in a Brazilian normoglycaemic sample: the Baependi Heart Study cohort

Oliveira

Tureck

Álvares

et al. 2020

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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Background: Dysglycaemia is defined by elevated glucose levels in the blood, commonly characterized by impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, elevated glycated haemoglobin, or diabetes mellitus (DM) diagnosis. The abnormal levels of glucose may occur many years before DM, a condition known as prediabetes, which is correlated with comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of prediabetic dysglycaemia and its relationship with cardiometabolic risk factors at a 5-year follow-up, based on an initially normoglycaemic sample in the Baependi Heart Study cohort. Methods: The data used comes from the Baependi Heart Study cohort, which consists of two periods: cycle 1 (2005-2006) and cycle 2 (2010-2013). For this study, we excluded those who had fasting blood glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or were taking anti-diabetic medications at baseline, and those that had diabetes diagnosed in cycle 2. Mixed-effects logistic regression models were used to assess the association between cardiometabolic risk factors and the incidence of dysglycaemia, including a familiar random effect such as a cluster. Results: The incidence of prediabetic dysglycaemia was 12.8%, and it did not differ between men and women (14.4% and 11.6%, respectively). Two models were analysed to investigate the relationship between cardiometabolic risk factors and the occurrence of prediabetic dysglycaemia. The model that better explained the occurrence of dysglycaemia over the 5 years, after correction, included the waist circumference (WC) (measures and Δ), systolic blood pressure (SBP), HDL-c levels, and age. Although sex was not associated with the incidence of dysglycaemia, women and men showed differences in cardiometabolic risk factors related to glucose impairment: men who developed dysglycaemia showed, in parallel, higher LDL-c levels, TC/HDL-c ratio and DBP measurements; while these parameters remained similar between women who developed dysglycaemia and dysglycaemia-free women, after 5 years. Conclusions: In an initially normoglycaemic sample of a highly mixed population living in a traditional Brazilian lifestyle, important cardiometabolic risk factors were associated with the occurrence of prediabetic dysglycaemia, and

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Elucidating sex and gender differences in diabetes: a necessary step toward personalized medicine

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Low‐power laser irradiation in salivary glands reduces glycemia in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic female rats

Low‐power laser irradiation in salivary glands reduces glycemia in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic female rats

A Guide for the Design of Pre-clinical Studies on Sex Differences in Metabolism

Cardiometabolic risk factors correlated with the incidence of dysglycaemia in a Brazilian normoglycaemic sample: the Baependi Heart Study cohort

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