Elucidating the role of multivalency, shape, size and functional group density on antibacterial activity of diversified supramolecular nanostructures enabled by templated assembly

Abstract

With the increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant infections, there is an urgent need to develop novel antibacterial materials. In addition, gaining a complete understanding of the structural features that impart activity...

Biogenic carbon dots: a novel mechanistic approach to combat multidrug-resistant critical pathogens on the global priority list

“…12,13 The anti-bacterial mechanisms of nanoparticles may be divided into three categories-piercing bacteria's drug-resistant biofilm to perform bactericidal tasks, generating oxidative damage to bacteria based on their nanoenzyme activity, and antimicrobial agent loading to improve antibiotic bioavailability and efficiency. 14,15 In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in the use of various nanomaterials, such as anti-microbial peptides (AMPs), noble metal nanoparticles (such as Au NPs and Ag NPs), semiconductor nanoparticles, polymer nanostructures, and carbon-based nanomaterials (CNMs), for the management and eradication of bacterial infections, both in laboratory settings (in vitro) and in vivo. 16 AMPs are short-cationic and amphiphilic peptides renowned for their broad-spectrum antibacterial action, mainly through breaking microbial membranes, making bacteria resistant.…”

“…12,13 The anti-bacterial mechanisms of nanoparticles may be divided into three categories-piercing bacteria's drug-resistant biofilm to perform bactericidal tasks, generating oxidative damage to bacteria based on their nanoenzyme activity, and anti-microbial agent loading to improve antibiotic bioavailability and efficiency. 14,15…”

A membrane targeted multifunctional cationic nanoparticle conjugated fusogenic nanoemulsion (CFusoN): induced membrane depolarization and lipid solubilization to accelerate the killing ofStaphylococcus aureus

“…To overcome these limitations, nanotechnology-based antimicrobial agents have emerged as a promising alternative therapeutic system to deal with the development of bacterial resistance. 11,12 The utilization of nanomaterials to battle against these resistant bacteria is due to their size in the nanoscale range, which could provide a higher surface area to volume ratio acting as a potential delivery vehicle. Nanomaterials can also be functionalized for proper and specific targeting of the bacterial cell membrane.…”

Mechanism of Action and Design of Potent Antibacterial Block Copolymer Nanoparticles

“…74 Another recent report utilized fluorescence microscopy to identify that short 1D cylindrical micelles formed by π-stacking amphiphiles were the most potent antibacterials relative to nanospheres or 2D nanoribbons. 80 Furthermore, by probing the energy of interactions of the nanoparticles with bacterial cell membrane mimics, this behavior was attributed to the fast rupture of the bacterial membrane. In contrast, studies of the mechanism of action for kinetically stable 1D block copolymer nanoparticles with rigid, crystalline cores do not exist, and comparisons with nanospheres containing an amorphous core derived from the same material are particularly desirable.…”

“…This is largely determined using microscopy to observe cell contents leakage and osmotic balance changes caused by the nanoparticles. − In one report, self-assembled β-sheet antimicrobial peptides could be directly observed crossing the bacterial membrane by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) . Another recent report utilized fluorescence microscopy to identify that short 1D cylindrical micelles formed by π-stacking amphiphiles were the most potent antibacterials relative to nanospheres or 2D nanoribbons . Furthermore, by probing the energy of interactions of the nanoparticles with bacterial cell membrane mimics, this behavior was attributed to the fast rupture of the bacterial membrane.…”