2003
DOI: 10.1021/jf034372d
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Elucidation of the Structures of Residual and Dissolved Pine Kraft Lignins Using an HMQC NMR Technique

Abstract: Comparative studies on the structures of residual and dissolved lignins isolated from pine kraft pulp and pulping liquor have been undertaken using the (1)H-(13)C HMQC NMR technique, GPC, and sugar analysis to elucidate the reaction mechanisms in kraft pulping and the lignin reactivity. A modified procedure for the isolation of enzymatic residual lignins has resulted in an appreciable decrease in protein contaminants in the residual lignin preparations (N content < 0.2%). The very high dispersion of HMQC spect… Show more

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Cited by 155 publications
(174 citation statements)
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“…Oxidized units have been detected in lignin from pine pulp based on G-unit C 2 -H 2 and C 6 -H 6 correlations (Balakshin et al 2003 (Asgari and Argyropoulos 1998;Gierer 2000). These functional groups have also been detected after laccase mediator treatment using 13 C and 31 P NMR and FTIR spectroscopy (Sealey and Ragauskas 1998;Poppius-Levlin et al 1999b;Chakar and Ragauskas 2004).…”
Section: Tablementioning
confidence: 96%
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“…Oxidized units have been detected in lignin from pine pulp based on G-unit C 2 -H 2 and C 6 -H 6 correlations (Balakshin et al 2003 (Asgari and Argyropoulos 1998;Gierer 2000). These functional groups have also been detected after laccase mediator treatment using 13 C and 31 P NMR and FTIR spectroscopy (Sealey and Ragauskas 1998;Poppius-Levlin et al 1999b;Chakar and Ragauskas 2004).…”
Section: Tablementioning
confidence: 96%
“…Prior to Fourier transformation, the data matrixes were zero filled up to 1024 points in the 13 C dimension. Signals were assigned by combining experiments and comparing them with the literature (Ralph et al 1999(Ralph et al , 2004Capanema et al 2001aCapanema et al , 2004bCapanema et al , 2005Balakshin et al 2003;Liitiä et al 2003).…”
Section: Isolation and Characterization Of Residual Ligninsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…As shown by Alén and Vikkula (1989) and Rautiainen and Alén (2010), the most prominent lignin-derived species in black liquor tend to be uncharged or have just one carboxylate group and of very low mass, thus not likely to be important contributors to cationic demand. Detailed structural analyses of dissolved pine and eucalyptus kraft lignins revealed the presence of several carboxylated species (Neto et al 1999;Silvestre et al 2000;Balakshin et al 2003), but there has been no demonstration as to whether such species contribute significantly to cationic demand. Structures of the alpha-hydroxyacid type or "aliphatic acid" types were reported to be important degradation products, but there was no test to find out whether these species had sufficient molecular mass and charge density to form a complex with a cationic polyelectrolyte.…”
Section: Lignin-related Contributors To Cationic Demandmentioning
confidence: 99%