Eluent Jet Interface for Combining Capillary Liquid Flows with Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry

Kientz, Charles E.; Hulst, A.G.; Jong, and Ad L. De; Wils, E.R.J.

doi:10.1021/ac950892z

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This appraisal should help to stimulate ongoing attempts to improve the PB interface design and, thus, improve analyte detectability. 41 Spectral information from this study was used in a recently developed automated on-line SPE/LC/PBMS method for the analysis of carbamates and their transformation products in surface water ; the compounds could be identiÐed from their full-scan spectra at lowand sub-kg l~1 levels.2…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Carbamates by Particle Beam/Mass Spectrometry

Slobodnı́k¹,

Jager²,

Hoekstra-Oussoren³

et al. 1997

J. Mass Spectrom.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Carbamates by Particle Beam/Mass Spectrometry

Slobodnı́k¹,

Jager²,

Hoekstra-Oussoren³

et al. 1997

J. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Although thousands of studies have been published on new and improved API interfaces, only a few authors have contributed to the attempt of efficiently generating EI spectra from a liquid effluent: Kientz et al (1996) were able to generate EI spectra based on an eluent-jet formation by means of inductive heating of the micro-LC effluent, and momentum separation in a jet separator; Dijkstra et al (1998) improved that technique with a particular emphasis on its use under chemical ionization (CI)-MS conditions; and Amirav and Granot (2000) developed a new apparatus to obtain high-quality, library-searchable EI spectra based on supersonic molecular beam mass spectrometry (SMB-MS) approach. That valuable attempt allows conventional mobile phase flow rates and enhances molecular ion response for an improved molecular weight determination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Liquid chromatography‐electron ionization mass spectrometry: Fields of application and evaluation of the performance of a Direct‐EI interface

Cappiello

Famiglini

Siviero

2005

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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A comprehensive evaluation and a thorough discussion of the fields of possible applications of the Direct-EI interface are described in this review. Direct-EI allows the direct introduction of the effluent from a capillary HPLC column into the electron ionization (EI) ion source of a mass spectrometer. Thanks to the reduced liquid intake and an in-source nebulizer, the interfacing process occurs smoothly and entirely into the ion source. No intermediate interfacing mechanisms of any sort are interposed between the column and the mass spectrometer, thus circumventing any undesired sample loss and minimizing the effort for instrument modification. Theoretically, any GC-MS system can be converted into an LC-MS for EI amenable compounds. Several parameters, crucial for a successful integration of liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, have been considered in the evaluation of the functioning of such an interface: limit of detection, linearity of response, reproducibility, and chromatographic compatibility. Different mobile phases, also containing non-volatile buffers, were taken into account, demonstrating an outstanding separation flexibility. The entire set of experiments was carried out at different flow rates and temperatures of the ion source. The interface behavior was also tested in real world applications, with mixtures of pesticides, hormones, nitro-PAH, and endocrine-disrupting compounds, allowing picogram level detection and the possibility to record library-matchable, readily interpretable electron ionization mass spectra, for prompt compound characterization and confirmation.

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“…For example, Kientz (1996) proposed a different approach for generating electron ionization spectra from an HPLC ef¯uent, based on an eluent-jet formation by means of inductive heating of the micro-LC ef¯uent, and momentum separation in a jet separator. Dijkstra (1998) lately improved this technique with a particular emphasis on its use under CI-MS conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New trends in the application of electron ionization to liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry interfacing

Cappiello

Famiglini

Mangani

et al. 2001

Mass Spectrometry Reviews

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I. Introduction 88 II. Cap-EI Interface 90 A. Interface Performance 92 III. Direct-EI Interface 93 A. Interface Performance 97 IV. Conclusions 103 Acknowledgments 103 References 103 --Two recent approaches for coupling capillary scale liquid chromatography and electron ionization mass spectrometry are reviewed and discussed. The first one, Cap-EI, is the latest evolution of the micro-scale particle beam interface, in which the nebulizer has been optimized to overcome the limitations of the former approach, in terms of sensitivity and linearity. It can be easily hosted in pre-existing instruments without major modifications and can use helium and the less-expensive nitrogen to generate library-matchable electron ionization spectra. The second one is a miniaturized interface for nano- and micro-HPLC, in which the interfacing process takes place into a suitably modified ion source. Because the eluate from the column is completely transferred into the ion source for ionization, superior sensitivity, linearity, and reproducibility are obtained. No signs of chemical ionization are observed at flow rates up to 1.5 microL/min. These two interfaces demonstrate that electron ionization can be successfully used for the analysis of small-medium molecules of various polarities, and also at the trace level. The possibility to record library-matchable electron ionization spectra offers the analyst a powerful tool that can be particularly useful in real-world applications.

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Eluent Jet Interface for Combining Capillary Liquid Flows with Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

Identification of Carbamates by Particle Beam/Mass Spectrometry

Identification of Carbamates by Particle Beam/Mass Spectrometry

Liquid chromatography‐electron ionization mass spectrometry: Fields of application and evaluation of the performance of a Direct‐EI interface

New trends in the application of electron ionization to liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry interfacing

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