EMA-amplicon-based taxonomic characterisation of the viable bacterial community present in untreated and SODIS treated roof-harvested rainwater

Strauss, André; Reyneke, Brandon; Waso, Monique; Ndlovu, Thando; Brink, Casparus Johannes; Khan, S. Ajmal; Khan, Wesaal

doi:10.1039/c8ew00613j

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…It is also capable of adapting to a variety of intracellular human systems such as dendritic cells and macrophages (Cook et al, 2009). However, despite its poor geographical characterisation in terms of abundance in various environments (King et al, 2017), as previously indicated, using Illumina and EMA-Illumina whole-community analysis, the Mycobacterium genus was identified as one of the primary frequently detected genera in rainwater (Ahmed et al, 2017;Strauss et al, 2019;Reyneke et al, 2020). This is a matter of serious concern as 360 000 people were diagnosed with tuberculosis in South Africa in 2019 [World Health Organisation (WHO), 2019] and 781 tuberculosis cases are reported amongst every 100 000 individuals each year (Tadokera et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…(Hamilton et al, 2019). Ahmed et al (2017); Strauss et al (2019) and Reyneke et al (2020) then employed Illumina amplicon-based sequencing and ethidium monoazide bromide (EMA)-Illumina analysis, to investigate the whole bacterial community in RHRW. Correspondingly, many of the frequently detected bacterial genera such as Legionella, Pseudomonas etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human Pathogenic Bacteria Detected in Rainwater: Risk Assessment and Correlation to Microbial Source Tracking Markers and Traditional Indicators

et al. 2021

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Roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) was investigated for the presence of the human pathogenic bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), Yersinia spp. and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). While Yersinia spp. were detected in 92% (n = 25) of the RHRW samples, and L. monocytogenes and M. tuberculosis were detected in 100% (n = 25) of the samples, a significantly higher mean concentration (1.4 × 103 cells/100 mL) was recorded for L. monocytogenes over the sampling period. As the identification of appropriate water quality indicators is crucial to ensure access to safe water sources, correlation of the pathogens to traditional indicator organisms [Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Enterococcus spp.] and microbial source tracking (MST) markers (Bacteroides HF183, adenovirus and Lachnospiraceae) was conducted. A significant positive correlation was then recorded for E. coli versus L. monocytogenes (r = 0.6738; p = 0.000), and Enterococcus spp. versus the Bacteroides HF183 marker (r = 0.4071; p = 0.043), while a significant negative correlation was observed for M. tuberculosis versus the Bacteroides HF183 marker (r = −0.4558; p = 0.022). Quantitative microbial risk assessment indicated that the mean annual risk of infection posed by L. monocytogenes in the RHRW samples exceeded the annual infection risk benchmark limit (1 × 10–4 infections per person per year) for intentional drinking (∼10–4). In comparison, the mean annual risk of infection posed by E. coli was exceeded for intentional drinking (∼10–1), accidental consumption (∼10–3) and cleaning of the home (∼10–3). However, while the risk posed by M. tuberculosis for the two relevant exposure scenarios [garden hosing (∼10–5) and washing laundry by hand (∼10–5)] was below the benchmark limit, the risk posed by adenovirus for garden hosing (∼10–3) and washing laundry by hand (∼10–3) exceeded the benchmark limit. Thus, while the correlation analysis confirms that traditional indicators and MST markers should be used in combination to accurately monitor the pathogen-associated risk linked to the utilisation of RHRW, the integration of QMRA offers a more site-specific approach to monitor and estimate the human health risks associated with the use of RHRW.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Pathogenic Bacteria Detected in Rainwater: Risk Assessment and Correlation to Microbial Source Tracking Markers and Traditional Indicators

et al. 2021

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“…For example, one study used EMA treatment in conjunction with 16S amplicon-based sequencing to assess the bacterial composition of roof harvested rainwater. 62 Are They Infectious and What Are the Consequences? Depending on the particular species, strain, genotype, etc., pathogens may be highly infectious, mildly infectious, or perhaps innocuous.…”

Section: Environmentalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of viability techniques with sequencing approaches is also possible, although this methodology is recent. For example, one study used EMA treatment in conjunction with 16S amplicon-based sequencing to assess the bacterial composition of roof harvested rainwater …”

Section: Information Needed For Qmramentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment and Molecular Biology: Paths to Integration

Haas

2020

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) has now been in use for over 35 years and has formed the basis for developing criteria for ensuring public health related to water, food, and remediation, to name a few areas. The initial data for QMRA (both in exposure assessment and in dose response assessment) came from measurements using assays for viability, such as plate counts, plaque assays, or animal infectivity. With the increasing use of molecular methods for the measurement of microorganisms in the environment, it has become important to assess how to use such data to estimate infectious disease risks. The limitations to the use of such data and needs to resolve the limitations will be addressed.

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EMA- Versus PMA-Amplicon-Based Sequencing to Elucidate the Viable Bacterial Community in Rainwater

Reyneke

Waso

Ndlovu

et al. 2022

Water Air Soil Pollut

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EMA-amplicon-based taxonomic characterisation of the viable bacterial community present in untreated and SODIS treated roof-harvested rainwater

Abstract: Illumina next generation sequencing coupled with ethidium monoazide bromide (EMA) was used to characterise and compare the viable bacterial community present in roof-harvested rainwater pre- and post-treatment.

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Human Pathogenic Bacteria Detected in Rainwater: Risk Assessment and Correlation to Microbial Source Tracking Markers and Traditional Indicators

Human Pathogenic Bacteria Detected in Rainwater: Risk Assessment and Correlation to Microbial Source Tracking Markers and Traditional Indicators

Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment and Molecular Biology: Paths to Integration

EMA- Versus PMA-Amplicon-Based Sequencing to Elucidate the Viable Bacterial Community in Rainwater

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