Emanating challenges in urban and healthcare waste management in Isfahan, Iran after the outbreak of COVID-19

Zand, Ali Daryabeigi; Heir, Azar Vaezi

doi:10.1080/09593330.2020.1866082

Cited by 30 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The new coronavirus (COVID-19) has spread severely in many countries of the world, with its first outbreak in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 [ 1 , 2 ]. Various guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) have been frequently stated to reduce risks of COVID-19 and take precautions, such as hygiene and social distance, with declaring this disease as a global epidemic on 11 March 2020 [ 3 , 4 ]. With the notification of the first case seen on 11 March 2020 by the Ministry of Health, schools and universities closed, quarantine applied, flights to some countries banned, and even some cities were restricted in Turkey [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the amount of medical waste generated during the COVID-19 period has been tried to be estimated with various methods in many countries [ 3 , 14 – 17 ]. However, studies the actual amount of medical wastes produces during the COVID-19 pandemic and the effects of this pandemic on the medical waste amounts are very limited [ 4 , 18 ]. According to Kang et al (2021), disposal capacity of medical waste in China enhanced by 23.9% compared to the pre-epidemic period [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of COVID-19 pandemic in medical waste amounts: a case study from a high-populated city of Turkey

Hanedar

Çifçi

Zafer

et al. 2022

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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In this study, the amount of medical waste generated in a high-populated city in Turkey between January 2018 and August 2021 was evaluated, and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on waste amounts and waste production rate was investigated. While a total of 79,027 kg/month of medical waste was produced in the city before COVID-19, this value reached 116,714 kg/month after COVID-19. The increase in the amount of medical waste due to the COVID-19 pandemic in the province was calculated as 48% on average. It was determined that 75% of this waste amount originates from public hospitals in the city. While the production of medical waste was 0.86 kg/bed day in the pre-COVID-19 period, this value increased to 0.96 kg/bed day in 2020 and to 1.34 kg/bed day in 2021 with the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the results obtained, the amount of medical waste reached in the province due to COVID-19 is the amount of medical waste expected to be generated in the 2040s under normal conditions. It is a very important issue in terms of public health that the capacity of waste disposal in medical waste management in cities is flexible to respond to severe epidemic conditions. Based on the information obtained within the scope of the study, changes in the amount of medical waste in a city with a dense population under pandemic conditions can be obtained based on real data and projections regarding disposal capacity can be made more realistically. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10163-022-01428-3.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic in medical waste amounts: a case study from a high-populated city of Turkey

Hanedar

Çifçi

Zafer

et al. 2022

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many researchers have adopted that equation for estimating daily facemask use in many different countries (Ex. Al-Omran et al 2021;Torres and De-la-Torre 2021;Haque et al 2021;Zand and Heir 2021). As per Nzediegwu and Chang (2020), if it is assumed that one mask per capita per day and an 80% mask acceptance rate, the Sri Lankan population will use 3.19 million single-use masks per day (Table 2).…”

Section: Estimation Of Daily Use Of Ppementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Facemasks are the main PPE in use to control of the spread of COVID-19 from person to person. Nevertheless, use of gloves, face shields, sanitizers has also been increased to reduce community spread of the disease (Selvaranjan et al 2021;Zand and Heir 2021). Almost all of them are usable for a short period and made of polythene and plastic, hence leaving heaps of non-degradable waste (Abbasi et al 2020;Selvaranjan et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personal protective equipment use during COVID-19 pandemic and associated waste management in households in Sri Lanka

Kankanamge

Nilojan

Samarasekara

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is compulsory when accessing public places due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic in many countries. Facemasks are the most common PPE used, however, some people use face shields and gloves. Frequent hand sanitizing is also recommended aiming to control the spread of the disease. All these activities generate a large amount of plastic waste daily. In Sri Lanka, it is estimated that 12 million facemasks are used daily, while 0.22 million gloves and 0.29 million face shields are used. Out of 12 million facemasks, 10 million are surgical or N95 masks. In addition, 0.79 million sanitizer bottles are used in a day, leaving empty plastic bottles. The most common method of disposing of facemasks in Sri Lanka is open burning by the users at their homes (55%). The rate of burning is comparatively low for other PPE. Although nearly 30% of people handover used facemasks to the municipal solid waste collection, there are no special precautions taken for separate collection and safe disposal. Guidelines are in place for handling healthcare waste generated in households under self-quarantine, but they are not applied for PPE waste generated in other households. Major drawbacks in PPE waste management is identified and mitigation measures were proposed. The estimate of waste plastics generated due to PPE use is 88.5 tonnes per day in the country. Energy recovery via pyrolysis may be a viable alternative to landfilling and affordable for developing countries.

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“…per day (11). Various types of medical and hazardous waste such as contaminated masks, gloves, and other protective equipment are producing every day, and proper waste management could cause a positive effect on health and the environment (12).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) Method to Describe Critical Points in Healthcare Waste Management of Razi Hospital in Ghaemshahr, Iran During COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020

Mousavi

Gholami-Borujeni

2021

Jundishapur J Health Sci

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Background: During the outbreak of COVID-19 in developing countries such as Iran, the management of healthcare waste has become a very important issue. It is necessary to investigate the risk of virus transmission through direct contact, inhalation, and environmental pollution to reduce transmission risk. The Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points framework is used to simplify quick responses of waste management for facing the novel infectious disease. Objectives: The aim of this study was to use risk analysis frameworks to describe hazard critical control points (HACCP) and make recommendations and corrective actions for staff who work in healthcare facilities and communities experiencing the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: In the present descriptive-analytical study, a team of environmental health experts identified the critical control points of healthcare waste produced in Razi Hospital and divided them into three categories and six steps. A tested and verified hazard analysis flow diagram was prepared to determine critical points in different steps of healthcare waste management. Critical control points were identified and analyzed by the team at each step. Recommendations and corrective actions were made for each control point. Results: The production rate significantly increased from 580 to 1,733 kg per day, probably caused by the increased use of disposable waste during the pandemic. Transportation, disinfection, and storage appeared to be associated with an individually high level of transmission risk of COVID-19 virus. Also, direct contact with infectious waste was often associated with a high risk of virus transmission. In the final disposal of healthcare waste, people were exposed to a lower level of risk. Conclusions: Training staff in different wards of the hospital to use proper personal protective equipment (PPE), hand washing, disinfectants, and ventilation could reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission through healthcare waste. Using the HACCP method for providing recommendations and corrective actions could simplify responses to reduce the transmission risk of COVID-19 during pandemics.

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Emanating challenges in urban and healthcare waste management in Isfahan, Iran after the outbreak of COVID-19

Cited by 30 publications

References 13 publications

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic in medical waste amounts: a case study from a high-populated city of Turkey

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic in medical waste amounts: a case study from a high-populated city of Turkey

Personal protective equipment use during COVID-19 pandemic and associated waste management in households in Sri Lanka

Application of Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points (HACCP) Method to Describe Critical Points in Healthcare Waste Management of Razi Hospital in Ghaemshahr, Iran During COVID-19 Pandemic in 2020

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