Embedded V-To-C in Child Grammar: The Acquisition of Verb Placement in Swiss German

Schönenberger, Manuela

doi:10.1007/978-94-010-0798-6

Cited by 15 publications

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“…This seems to go against the micro-cue model. Similar findings are attested in Swiss German child data (Schönenberger, 2001) and in embedded declaratives in Norwegian (Westergaard & Bentzen, 2007), argued in the latter to be due to economy of movement. Transporting this idea to the English data, it is possible that Adam has misinterpreted the cue for V2 in main clauses to be movement to a lower position than in the adult grammar (Whx instead of Intx).…”

Section: A N a N A L Y S I S I N T E R M S O F M I C R O -C U E Ssupporting

confidence: 74%

Usage-based vs. rule-based learning: the acquisition of word order inwh-questions in English and Norwegian

Westergaard

2009

J. Child Lang.

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A B S T R A C TThis paper discusses different approaches to language acquisition in relation to children's acquisition of word order in wh-questions in English and Norwegian. While generative models assert that children set major word order parameters and thus acquire a rule of subject-auxiliary inversion or generalized verb second (V2) at an early stage, some constructivist work argues that English-speaking children are simply reproducing frequent wh-word+auxiliary combinations in the input. The paper questions both approaches, re-evaluates some previous work, and provides some further data, concluding that the acquisition of wh-questions must be the result of a rule-based process. Based on variation in adult grammars, a cue-based model to language acquisition is presented, according to which children are sensitive to minor cues in the input, called micro-cues. V2 is not considered to be one major parameter, but several smaller-scale cues, which are responsible for children's lack of syntactic (over-)generalization in the acquisition process. I N T R O D U C T I O NChildren's acquisition of word order in non-subject wh-questions in English has been studied extensively, and in Ambridge, Rowland, Theakston & Tomasello (2006) this is described as a topic which 'represents an ideal '' test case'' for both movement-based generativist accounts and competing constructivist accounts of language acquisition' (p. 520). The present paper takes a fresh look at some child data on word order in wh-questions in English and a dialect of Norwegian, at the same time comparing a generative and a constructivist approach.

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Section: A N a N A L Y S I S I N T E R M S O F M I C R O -C U E Ssupporting

confidence: 74%

Usage-based vs. rule-based learning: the acquisition of word order inwh-questions in English and Norwegian

Westergaard

2009

J. Child Lang.

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“…Thus throughout the process of acquiring the verb-final pattern in embedded clauses, the children treat verb movement in wil-clauses differently from verb movement in other embedded contexts. While verb movement in clauses introduced by a complementizer or wenn may sometimes superficially look like V2, verb movement in wil-clauses results in genuine V2 configurations (see also Schö nenberger, 2001Schö nenberger, , 2008. Recall from Section 2.1 that according to Wegener (1993) one of the reasons for the potential popularity of weil + V2 may be the fact that it offers a wider range of expressive options than weil + VF.…”

Section: Wil + V2 and Wil + Vf In Swiss Germanmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Still, the impression remains that many of Moira's early wil-clauses with V2 are unnatural even in non-interrogative contexts, and that a change in intonation, e.g. using a pause or stressing the subject, fronting a non-subject, or the insertion of a modal particle would have improved them (see also Schö nenberger, 2008).…”

Section: When Do Moira and Eliza Use Wil + V2 And Wil + Vf?mentioning

confidence: 96%

The surprisingly high proportion of Verb Second in causal adverbial clauses with wil ‘because’ in child Swiss German

Schönenberger¹

2010

Lingua

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“…A certain charge is deposited by regulating the current and the deposition time. The required charge (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) As in this case) was estimated from pore-volume and porosity considerations.…”

Section: Fabrication Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in polyimide [12], it is possible to control the geometry of the pores by changing etch conditions. The electrochemical processes and regimes associated with electrodeposition in nanoporous templates have been studied extensively [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive study of ion track enabled high aspect ratio microstructures in flexible circuit boards

Lindeberg

Hjort

2004

Microsystem Technologies

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A process to form deep, vertical and high aspect ratio microstructures of solid as well as porous nature is presented. The process is capable of producing regions with perpendicular sub-micron metal wire connections, with a regulated effective metal density at numerous, arbitrarily specified locations. The structures are created in a two-metallic-layer polyimide laminate, i.e. a flexible printed circuit board. The high aspect ratio of the process is indebted to ion track technology. The laminate is irradiated with heavy ions creating a vertical damage anisotropy (individual ion tracks) in the polymer layer. Apertures in the front metallic layer define the geometry and the positions of the vertically projected structures. The tracks are selectively developed forming nanometer wide pores, which after prolonged etching grow in diameter and eventually merge creating fully opened cavities. Metallic structures have been replicated in these pores/cavities by electrodeposition of nickel and copper. We have fabricated open and dense clusters of separated micron or sub-micron sized wires as well as solid structures. Highly vertical, through hole microvias in average 39 lm wide, with a pitch of 100 lm have been fabricated. The smallest structures obtained were 25 · 25 lm square columns. The process appears promising for ultra-high density via batch production and has a strong potential of further miniaturising via dimensions.

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Embedded V-To-C in Child Grammar: The Acquisition of Verb Placement in Swiss German

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Usage-based vs. rule-based learning: the acquisition of word order inwh-questions in English and Norwegian

Usage-based vs. rule-based learning: the acquisition of word order inwh-questions in English and Norwegian

The surprisingly high proportion of Verb Second in causal adverbial clauses with wil ‘because’ in child Swiss German

A comprehensive study of ion track enabled high aspect ratio microstructures in flexible circuit boards

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