Embedding a membrane protein into an enveloped artificial viral replica

Abstract

Natural enveloped viruses, in which nucleocapsids are covered with lipid bilayers, contain membrane proteins on the outer surface that are involved in diverse functions, such as adhesion and infection of...

Hemopexin as a Potential Binding Partner of Arginine-Rich Cell-Penetrating Peptides in Serum

“…The diffusion time (τ D ) was obtained by fitting G (τ) with eq , and then, the diffusion coefficient D was calculated based on eq in the Methods section (Figure S1). − The D values of molecules with high molecular weights and sizes were generally lower than those of small molecules. The binding of fluorescently labeled peptides to serum proteins likely decreases the D values of peptides.…”

“…Alexa Fluor 568 dye was attached to the C-terminus of each peptide ( r 8 -A568, r 12 -A568, d -Rev-A568, d -FHV-A568, R 8 -A568, and R 12 -A568). A peptide concentration of 5 nM − was used to examine peptide binding via FCS, and the concentration of each protein was adjusted to be comparable with that used in cell culture media containing 10% serum. The diffusion coefficient of each protein in the absence of CPPs can be obtained by FCS; however, this technique requires fluorescent labeling of the protein, which often leads to structural alterations and aggregation of proteins and can affect the diffusion coefficient.…”

Molecular Cybernetics: Challenges toward Cellular Chemical Artificial Intelligence

“…In artificial cell engineering, self‐assembly of de novo designed peptides onto membranes and the embedding of membrane proteins to interact with live cells as virus‐like molecular systems have already been realized. [ 122 ] Recently, a cell‐sized hollow gel capsule composed of designed DNA segments was reported. [ 123 ] This type of compartment was expected to allow permeation across the boundary.…”

Engineering cell-free systems by chemoproteomic-assisted phenotypic screening

“…16 These now include difficult-to-synthesize proteins such as antibodies, membrane proteins, proteins incorporating unnatural amino acids, and virus-like particles. 8,[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] Nevertheless, efficient complex protein production and high costs of exogenous reaction components such as energy factors, amino acids, tRNAs and nucleotides remain major challenges of CFPS development. 7,8,16,26 These have been addressed using mainly rational approaches including template and strain engineering, growth condition modulation, development of alternate energy regeneration systems and systematic reaction component optimization.…”