Embedment strength of mixed-species laminated veneer lumbers and cross-banded laminated veneer lumbers

Nguyen, Hoan H.; Gilbert, Benoit P.; McGavin, Robert L.; Baillères, Henri; Karampour, Hassan

doi:10.1007/s00107-020-01504-1

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Confirming the study´s results, hybrid products using low-quality hardwood such as mixed hardwood LVL (McGavin et al 2019;Nguyen et al 2020, innovative mixed-hardwood pulp (Olsson et al 2019), and mixed soft-and hardwood pulp (Fišerová et al 2019) are actually under investigation.…”

Section: Discussion Of Developed Strategies and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 74%

Developing and evaluating strategies to increase the material utilisation rate of hardwoods: a hybrid policy Delphi-SWOT analysis

Auer

Rauch

2021

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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The indigenous hardwoods in German forests have a substantial ability to store carbon, and forestry reconstruction measures are anticipated to result in an increase in availability of hardwood on the wood market. Despite this, its material usage is declining with over two thirds of the harvested quantity being used for energy production. This study aims to identify policy measures and promising strategies for increasing hardwood utilisation using a combined policy Delphi-SWOT approach with literature review undertaken to identify the barriers and driving factors for an increase in its material use. The results were then ranked by a panel of experts and used as basis for the SWOT analysis, which was then applied to an extended SWOT approach. The resulting strategies were then discussed by the panel and ranked further in the 2nd and 3rd Delphi round. After three Delphi rounds, three strategies and associated policy recommendations were ranked as most effective by the experts: innovative hardwood products including manufacturing processes, research transfer and lobbying. This study provides both strategic analyses and effective strategies to stimulate the production of hardwood-based products and ends with a concise description of these strategies and policy recommendations, which are benchmarked against current literature and best practise examples.

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Section: Discussion Of Developed Strategies and Measuresmentioning

confidence: 74%

Developing and evaluating strategies to increase the material utilisation rate of hardwoods: a hybrid policy Delphi-SWOT analysis

Auer

Rauch

2021

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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“…Although ASTM D5764-97a [5] does not make a reference to the initial or elastic foundation modulus (Ks), it can be interpreted as the slope of the initial linear portion of the load-displacement curve divided by the product of d and t. Nguyen et al [12] computed Ks through a linear regression between 15% and 40% of the ultimate load. Xu et al [13] considered the portion between 10% and 40% of the ultimate load, as recommended by EN 383 [6].…”

Section: Quantification Of Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Test Methods on the Parallel to Grain Embedment Strength and Foundation Modulus Characterization

Aquino¹,

Rodrigues

Kržan

et al. 2023

World Conference on Timber Engineering (WCTE 2023)

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Different test setups have been reported in the literature for the determination of the embedment strength in timber elements. These variances hinder a straightforward comparison between available test data. It is difficult to determine if the source of variability lies in intrinsic timber properties or is related to the test protocol used. This paper aims to provide a better insight into the influence of embedment strength test methods, comparing experimental results from different test setups within the guidelines of EN 383 and ASTM D 5764-97a for Scots pine wood (Pinus sylvestris) and Spruce (Picea Abies). A robust statistical analysis was performed to identify statistically significant differences between the groups evaluated. The analysis of the parallel to grain embedment strength showed that the results differed between standards, pointing out the potential bias inserted in the embedment properties given their evaluation method. Moreover, the thickness of the specimen tests also proved to influence the yield and ultimate embedment strength for the wood species tested.

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“…Unfortunately, solid sawn timber has some limitations, e.g., in maximum lengths or cross-sectional dimensions. These limitations can be overcome by quality controlled engineered wood products, e.g., laminated veneer lumber (LVL) [ 27 ], cross banded laminated veneer lumber (LVL-C) [ 28 ], laminated strand lumber (LSL) [ 29 ], parallel strand lumber (PSL) [ 30 ], glued-laminated timber (GLT) [ 31 ] or cross-laminated timber (CLT) [ 32 , 33 ]. LVL or plywood were used for making slabs in aluminium-timber composite beams [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Study of Aluminium-Timber Composite Bolted Connections Strengthened with Toothed Plates

Chybiński

Polus

2022

Materials

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This paper presents the first experimental study of the load-slip behaviour of aluminium-timber composite bolted connections reinforced with toothed plates. The effectiveness of the strengthening was evaluated in laboratory push-out tests. The push-out test samples consisted of laminated veneer lumber panels, aluminium alloy I-beams, and bolts (grade 8.8 10 mm × 125 mm and 12 mm × 135 mm bolts, grade 5.8 10 mm × 125 mm and 12 mm × 135 mm bolts). A group of 16 specimens had toothed plates as additional reinforcement, while 16 specimens had no reinforcement. The impact of the bolt diameter (10 and 12 mm) and bolt grade (5.8 and 8.8) on the behaviour of the connections was also analysed. The values of the ultimate load and the slip modulus for the bolted connections with grade 8.8 10 mm and 12 mm bolts and with grade 5.8 12 mm bolts reinforced by toothed-plate connectors were comparable to the values for the non-reinforced connections. This was because, in the case of grade 8.8 10 mm × 125 mm and 12 mm × 135 mm bolts and grade 5.8 12 mm × 135 mm bolts, the laminated veneer lumber (LVL) slabs split both in the reinforced and non-reinforced connections. The toothed-plate connectors reduced timber destruction in the bearing zones in the LVL slabs. However, they did not protect the LVL slabs against splitting. Therefore, the impact of the toothed plate connectors on the stiffness and strength of the bolted connections with grade 8.8 10 mm and 12 mm bolts and with grade 5.8 12 mm bolts analysed in this paper was found to be negligible. In the case of grade 5.8 10 mm bolts, the LVL slabs did not split. The mean slip modulus k0.6 of the connections with grade 5.8 10 mm bolts reinforced with toothed plate connectors was 2.9 times higher than that of the non-reinforced connections. However, the strength of the connections with grade 5.8 10 mm bolts was 1.2 times lower after reinforcing. This was because the shanks of the bolts were sheared faster in the reinforced connections than in the non-reinforced connections as a result of the bolt shanks being under the bearing pressure of the aluminium flange, the LVL slab, and the toothed-plate flange. This situation did not occur for the remaining connections because they had a higher strength (grade 8.8 bolts) or a larger diameter (12 mm), and their bolts were less prone to cutting off. The investigated load–slip curves of the reinforced bolted connections can be used for designing and numerical modelling of aluminium-timber composite beams with this type of connection.

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Embedment strength of mixed-species laminated veneer lumbers and cross-banded laminated veneer lumbers

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Developing and evaluating strategies to increase the material utilisation rate of hardwoods: a hybrid policy Delphi-SWOT analysis

Developing and evaluating strategies to increase the material utilisation rate of hardwoods: a hybrid policy Delphi-SWOT analysis

Influence of Test Methods on the Parallel to Grain Embedment Strength and Foundation Modulus Characterization

Experimental Study of Aluminium-Timber Composite Bolted Connections Strengthened with Toothed Plates

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