Embodied carbon dioxide flow in international trade: A comparative analysis based on China and Japan

Long, Ruyin; Li, Jinqiu; Chen, Hong; Zhang, Linling

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.12.067

Cited by 113 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…To develop a comprehensive understanding of carbon emission flows, the concept of ECE has been previously introduced to help researchers analyze carbon emissions across the entire production and consumption lifecycle. Many researchers have focused on ECE accounting studies, including international [30,31], interprovincial [32,33] and industrial-level accounting [34,35], which provided detailed data for decision makers to help them implement climate policy from a consumption-based perspective [17,36]. In addition, some researchers have developed an ecological network based on certain material flows to determine the specific ecological relationships in a carbon emission trade.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Embodied Carbon Emissions Flows and Ecological Relationships among Four Chinese Megacities and Other Provinces

et al. 2019

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China has been undergoing a rapid process of urbanization. The urbanization rate, increased from 35% in 2000 to 59.58% in 2018, and is expected to increase to 70% by 2030. As Chinese cities consumed approximately 77% of China’s total energy and emitted about 81% of all carbon emissions in 2017, it has become increasingly necessary to quantitatively analyze city-level carbon emissions and related issues. The present study adopted single regional and multi-regional input-output (MRIO) models to analyze the features of four Chinese municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Chongqing) and calculate their embodied carbon emissions (ECE). In addition, we used ecological relationship concepts to analyze the relationships between those municipalities and other regions based on ECE flows through an ecological network analysis (ENA) model. The results show that all four megacities were net importers of ECE, and their imported ECE typically flowed from nearby geographic regions. In addition, exploitation was the main ecological relationship between these four megacities and China’s other regions. Knowing the detailed data related to ECE, ECE flows and the ecological relationships among these megacities could help policymakers establish more comprehensive environment-related policies, which are crucial for achieving sustainable development targets.

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Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Embodied Carbon Emissions Flows and Ecological Relationships among Four Chinese Megacities and Other Provinces

et al. 2019

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“…Roibás et al (2018) used the input-output framework to determine the carbon footprint from a consumer-responsibility perspective, in Galicia, a Spanish region. Long et al (2018) used the world input-output database (WIOD) to compare levels of embodied CO 2 in the international trade of China and Japan. Acquaye et al (2017) used the WIOD database to develop a global multiregional input-output model to analyse certain supply chains and their effects on CO2, water consumption, and pollution, among other environmental variables.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of water re-allocation in the Ebro river basin: A multiregional input-output and geographical analysis

Almazán-Gómez

Duarte

Langarita

et al. 2019

Journal of Environmental Management

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The quality and availability of water are affected by numerous variables, through which the evaluation of water uses from different perspectives, and policy proposals to save water have now become essential. This paper aims to study water use and the water footprint from a river basin perspective, taking into account regions, sectors, and municipalities, while considering the physical frontier along with the administrative sectors. To this end, we have constructed a multi-regional input-output table for the Ebro river basin, disaggregating the primary sector into 18 different crops and 6 livestock groups. We pay special attention to crop production because it is the most water-consuming industry. The construction of the multi-regional input-output model represents an important contribution to the literature, in itself, since, to the best of our knowledge, it is the first to be built for this large basin. We extend this multi-regional input-output model to assess the water footprint by sectors and regions within the basin. We use these data to propose two scenarios: reallocating final demand to reduce the blue water footprint (scenario 1), and increasing value added (scenario 2). These scenarios outline the opportunity costs of saving water in socioeconomic terms in the basin. In another application, we downscale the multi-regional inputoutput model results at the municipal level and depict them using a geographical information system, identifying the hotspots and the areas that would pay for the socioeconomic opportunity costs of saving water. Our results suggest that saving 1 hm 3 of blue water could cost around €41,500 of value added if we consider the entire basin. However, this water reallocation implies losses and gains at the municipal level: some municipalities would reduce value added by more than €30,000, while others would gain more than €85,000 of value added. These tools and results can be useful for policy makers when considering re-allocating water. The contribution and the novelty of this paper is the construction of the multiregional input-output model for the Ebro river basin, and its link with geographical systems analysis at the municipal level.

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“…Hence, the emissions released for the production of imported goods are not allocated to the final consumers. Consequently, a significant amount of emissions may be shifted from one country to another, resulting in an extensive amount of emissions embodied in trade [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revising Emission Responsibilities through Consumption-Based Accounting: A European and Post-Brexit Perspective

2019

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International trade shifts production of a large amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions embodied in traded goods from the importing country to the exporting country. The European Union (EU) plays a prominent role in the flow of international-related emissions as it accounts for the second largest share of global exports and imports of goods. Consumption-based accountings (CBA) emerged as alternative to the traditional emission inventories based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines. According to the IPCC criteria, countries where products are consumed take no responsibility for the emissions produced by exporter countries, thus neglecting the emissions embodied in trade. By taking this aspect into account, CBA are considered of great importance in revealing emissions attributed to the final consumer. Using a CBA approach, this paper evaluates the impact of international trade in the EU in terms of CO2 emissions, looking both at the internal trade flows within the EU-28 and at the external trade flows between the EU and the rest of the world during the period 2012-2015. We find that the EU is a net importer of emissions as its emissions due to consumption exceed those due to production. In particular, in 2015 the ratio between importand export-embodied emissions was more than 3:1 for the EU-28 that imported 1317 Mt CO 2 from the rest of the world (mainly from China and Russia) while exporting only 424 Mt CO 2 . Concerning emissions flows among EU countries, Germany represents the largest importer, followed by the UK. To get a deeper understanding on possible environmental implications of Brexit on UK emission responsibilities, the paper also advances a few hypotheses on how trade flows could change based on the existing trade patterns of the UK. Data analysis shows that a 10% shift of UK imports from EU partners to its main non-EU trading partners (India, China, and US) would increase its emission responsibility by 5%. The increase in UK emission responsibility would more than double (+11%) in case of a 30% shift of UK imports. Similar results would apply if UK replaced its current EU partners with its main Commonwealth trading partners as a result of Brexit.

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Embodied carbon dioxide flow in international trade: A comparative analysis based on China and Japan

Cited by 113 publications

References 38 publications

Characterizing the Embodied Carbon Emissions Flows and Ecological Relationships among Four Chinese Megacities and Other Provinces

Characterizing the Embodied Carbon Emissions Flows and Ecological Relationships among Four Chinese Megacities and Other Provinces

Effects of water re-allocation in the Ebro river basin: A multiregional input-output and geographical analysis

Revising Emission Responsibilities through Consumption-Based Accounting: A European and Post-Brexit Perspective

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