Embodied interaction with a 3D versus 2D mobile map

Oulasvirta, Antti; Estlander, Sara; Nurminen, Antti

doi:10.1007/s00779-008-0209-0

Cited by 69 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Navigating urban spaces using 3D city models can help with orientation as it offers familiar landmarks; and it has often been proclaimed that their "more intuitive" nature than 2D maps provides more natural and realistic navigation cues [256][257][258][259][260][261]. At this point it is important to note that 2D aerial views (top views) are very important in navigation tasks as they provide overview information without occlusion as opposed to 3D views; and as mentioned earlier, they have a more consistent scale, thus are better for distance estimation tasks.…”

Section: Visualisation For Navigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Biljecki

Stoter

Ledoux

et al. 2015

IJGI

630

380

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In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across multiple domains based on a comprehensive literature study including hundreds of research papers, technical reports and online resources. A challenge in a study such as ours is that the ways in which 3D city models are used cannot be readily listed due to fuzziness, terminological ambiguity, unclear added-value of 3D geoinformation in some instances, and absence of technical information. To address this challenge, we delineate a hierarchical terminology (spatial operations, use cases, applications), and develop a theoretical reasoning to segment and categorise the diverse uses of 3D city models. Following this framework, we provide a list of identified use cases of 3D city models (with a description of each), and their applications. Our study demonstrates that 3D city models are employed in at least 29 use cases that are a part of more than 100 applications. The classified inventory could be useful for scientists as well as stakeholders in the geospatial industry, such as companies and national mapping agencies, as it may serve as a reference document to better position their operations, design product portfolios, and to better understand the market.

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Section: Visualisation For Navigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Biljecki

Stoter

Ledoux

et al. 2015

IJGI

630

380

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Others have carried out some preliminary work in 2.5D/3D spatial representation for pedestrian navigation. Antti [19] gave a discussion of how representational differences in mobile 2D and 3D maps affect strategies of embodied interaction. Some have worked on pedestrian behavior analysis to improve services [20] [21].…”

Section: A Brief Overview Of Pedestrian Navigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Characteristics of Walking Areas for Pedestrian Navigation

Zheng

Winstanley

Zheng

et al. 2009

2009 Third International Conference on Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering

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“…Their textured 3D models can give a sense of reality. Photorealistic imagery is considered be easy to understand because people are familiar with the reality and photographic details support direct visual recognition (Oulasvirta et al 2009). It is believed that three dimensions provide spatiality which can facilitate physical object identification such as landmark recognition in wayfinding, making it superior to 2D maps for non-expert users (Kray et al 2003;Plesa and Cartwright 2008;Zanola et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eye Tracking to Explore the Impacts of Photorealistic 3d Representations in Pedstrian Navigation Performance

Dong¹,

Liao²

2016

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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ThS16: Perceptual and cognitive experiments with imagery and 3D models KEY WORDS: 3D photorealism, eye tracking, cognitive workload, pedestrian navigation ABSTRACT:Despite the now-ubiquitous two-dimensional (2D) maps, photorealistic three-dimensional (3D) representations of cities (e.g., Google Earth) have gained much attention by scientists and public users as another option. However, there is no consistent evidence on the influences of 3D photorealism on pedestrian navigation. Whether 3D photorealism can communicate cartographic information for navigation with higher effectiveness and efficiency and lower cognitive workload compared to the traditional symbolic 2D maps remains unknown. This study aims to explore whether the photorealistic 3D representation can facilitate processes of map reading and navigation in digital environments using a lab-based eye tracking approach. Here we show the differences of symbolic 2D maps versus photorealistic 3D representations depending on users' eye-movement and navigation behaviour data. We found that the participants using the 3D representation were less effective, less efficient and were required higher cognitive workload than using the 2D map for map reading. However, participants using the 3D representation performed more efficiently in self-localization and orientation at the complex decision points. The empirical results can be helpful to improve the usability of pedestrian navigation maps in future designs.

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Embodied interaction with a 3D versus 2D mobile map

Cited by 69 publications

References 36 publications

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

Spatial Characteristics of Walking Areas for Pedestrian Navigation

Eye Tracking to Explore the Impacts of Photorealistic 3d Representations in Pedstrian Navigation Performance

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