Embodiment and Interaction Guidelines for Designing Credible, Trustworthy Embodied Conversational Agents

Cowell, Andrew; Stanney, Kay M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-39396-2_50

Cited by 33 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, this absence of influence of users' gender (like all our results in general) has to be validated in other age groups, in particular with educational applications intended for children. Cultural influences should also be addressed, since they are likely to modify users' preferences for agents' appearance (Cowell and Stanney, 2003) and more generally their perception of speech and gestures (Johnson et al, 2005;Knapp, 2002). The present study, mainly conducted with Europeans, would have to be replicated with people from other ethnic origins to strengthen or complement the results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of speech–gesture cooperation in animated agents’ behavior in multimedia presentations

Buisine

Martin

2007

Interacting with Computers

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Until now, research on arrangement of verbal and non-verbal information in multimedia presentations has not considered multimodal behavior of animated agents. In this paper, we will present an experiment exploring the effects of different types of speech-gesture cooperation in agents' behavior: redundancy (gestures duplicate pieces of information conveyed by speech), complementarity (distribution of information across speech and gestures) and a control condition in which gesture does not convey semantic information. Using a Latin-square design, these strategies were attributed to agents of different appearances to present different objects. Fifty-four male and 54 female users attended three short presentations performed by the agents, recalled the content of presentations and evaluated both the presentations and the agents. Although speech-gesture cooperation was not consciously perceived, it proved to influence users' recall performance and subjective evaluations: redundancy increased verbal information recall, ratings of the quality of explanation, and expressiveness of agents. Redundancy also resulted in higher likeability scores for the agents and a more positive perception of their personality. Users' gender had no influence on this set of results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of speech–gesture cooperation in animated agents’ behavior in multimedia presentations

Buisine

Martin

2007

Interacting with Computers

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“…Additionally, Cowell and Stanney found that people prefer young looking agents that appear to have their same or a similar ethnicity [5], upholding the likeness effect that is commonly reported in human-human interaction literature.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…One study found that men and women did not have a gender preference in the selection of an embodied agent with a human form [5]. Another found that people did not perceive a difference in the intelligence in male and female looking human agents [13].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 96%

How interface agents affect interaction between humans and computers

Forlizzi

Zimmerman

Mancuso

et al. 2007

Proceedings of the 2007 Conference on Designing Pleasurable Products and Interfaces

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For many years, the HCI community has harbored a vision of interacting with intelligent, embodied computer agents. However, the reality of this vision remains elusive. From an interaction design perspective, little is known about how to specifically design an embodied agent to support the task it will perform and the social interactions that will result. This paper presents design research that explores the relationship between the visual features of embodied agents and the tasks they perform, and the social attributions that result. Our results show a clear link between agent task and agent form and reveals that people often prefer agents who conform to gender stereotypes associated with tasks. Based on the results of this work, we provide a set of emerging design considerations to help guide interaction designers in creating the visual form of embodied agents.

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“…Klesen models the communicative function of emotion, using stylized animations of body language and facial expression to convey a character's emotions and intentions with the goal of helping students understand and reflect on the role these constructs play in improvisational theater [43]. Shimuzu and Isbister [44] and Cowell and Stanney [45] each evaluated how certain non-verbal behaviors could communicate a character's trustworthiness for training and marketing applications, respectively. Several applications have also tried to manipulate a student's motivations through emotional behaviors: Lester utilized praising and sympathetic emotional displays to provide feedback and increase student motivation in a tutoring application [46]; The VICTEC system (www.vitec.org) exploits general framing effects to promote student empathy with animated characters with the goal of bullying prevention in schools; Biswas et al [47] also use human-like traits to promote empathy and intrinsic motivation in a learning-by-teaching system.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating a Computational Model of Emotion

Gratch

Marsella

2005

Auton Agent Multi-Agent Syst

114

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Spurred by a range of potential applications, there has been a growing body of research in computational models of human emotion. To advance the development of these models, it is critical that we evaluate them against the phenomena they purport to model. In this paper, we present one method to evaluate an emotion model that compares the behavior of the model against human behavior using a standard clinical instrument for assessing human emotion and coping. We use this method to evaluate the Emotion and Adaptation (EMA) model of emotion Gratch and Marsella. The evaluation highlights strengths of the approach and identifies where the model needs further development.

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Embodiment and Interaction Guidelines for Designing Credible, Trustworthy Embodied Conversational Agents

Cited by 33 publications

References 31 publications

The effects of speech–gesture cooperation in animated agents’ behavior in multimedia presentations

The effects of speech–gesture cooperation in animated agents’ behavior in multimedia presentations

How interface agents affect interaction between humans and computers

Evaluating a Computational Model of Emotion

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