Embracing Multiple Normals — A 12-Year-Old Boy in India with a Cochlear Implant

Friedner, Michele; Nagarajan, Rema; Murthy, Anjali; Frankfurter, Raphael

doi:10.1056/nejmp1907970

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In Nepal, for instance, CI remains out of reach for many deaf people, especially those with lower economic background, as “a single CI costs more than an average individual's lifetime income” (Graif, 2018, p. 58). In some countries, such as India, the quality of CI remains substandard, and CI implementation and maintenance may drive low‐income families into further poverty (Friedner, 2021; Friedner et al., 2019).…”

Section: Approaching Deafnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological socialities: The impact of information and communication technologies on belonging among deaf and hard‐of‐hearing people

Ahlin

Hiddinga

2023

Sociology Compass

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This review article examines how different types of communication technologies, from the specialized medical to generic social devices, influence belonging and sociality among deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) people. The emphasis is on DHH adolescents and young adults who may be impacted differently across countries, given state-specific policies regarding the status of sign language and deaf education, and based on different availability, affordability, and accessibility of communication technologies. We introduce different perspectives on deafness, ranging from pathological to cultural, a heuristic on which we build to explore DHH socialities as complex and evolving. We then analytically review ethnographic research on how cochlear implants impact DHH people's belonging to the "deaf world" and/or the "hearing world," and how they navigate between these worlds. Then we move on to technologies such as text messages and social media, which enable DHH people to extend their socialities beyond local communities. Belonging is a fluid phenomenon, and technologies which are in a constant process of innovation and development may influence it in complex ways. We argue that to explore questions of belonging, identity, and sociality among DHH people, and

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Section: Approaching Deafnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technological socialities: The impact of information and communication technologies on belonging among deaf and hard‐of‐hearing people

Ahlin

Hiddinga

2023

Sociology Compass

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“…Much of the disability associated with deafness arises from the fact that hearing is required at present for engagement in society. AI has the potential to bring about a new societal model with support for 'multiple normals' , in which alternative modes of engagement are readily available 98 .…”

Section: Box 1 | Artificial Intelligence To Support Multiple Modes Of Societal Engagementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the power of artificial intelligence to transform hearing healthcare and research

et al. 2021

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“…Implanting and monitoring an auditory prosthetic and speech therapy can cost approximately $10 000US. This can be prohibitively expensive for many deaf adults and parents of deaf children (Friedner et al 2019). Lack of access to such a prosthetic because of an inability to pay for it could prevent people from acquiring or recovering hearing.…”

Section: Auditory Prostheticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There has been considerable debate on whether deafness is a disability or a different state from hearing. Some researchers have argued that, instead of describing deaf people as disabled, we should describe them as one group among 'multiple normals' with different sensory capacities (Friedner et al 2019(Friedner et al , p 2382. Auditory function is one sensory function among others along a neuropsychological spectrum.…”

Section: Auditory Prostheticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical and social aspects of neural prosthetics

Glannon

2021

Prog. Biomed. Eng.

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Neural prosthetics are devices or systems that bypass, modulate, supplement, or replace regions of the brain and its connections to the body that are damaged and dysfunctional from congenital abnormalities, brain and spinal cord injuries, limb loss, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Some prosthetics are implanted in the brain. Others consist of implants and systems outside the brain to which they are connected. Still others are completely external to the brain. But they all send inputs to and receive outputs from neural networks to modulate or improve connections between the brain and body. As artificial systems, neural prosthetics can improve but not completely restore natural sensory, motor and cognitive functions. This review examines the main ethical and social issues generated by experimental and therapeutic uses of seven types of neural prosthetics: auditory and visual prosthetics for deafness and blindness; deep brain stimulation for prolonged disorders of consciousness; brain-computer and brain-to-brain interfaces to restore movement and communication; memory prosthetics to encode and retrieve information; and optogenetics to modulate or restore neural function. The review analyzes and discusses how recipients of neural prosthetics can benefit from them in restoring autonomous agency, how they can be harmed by trying and failing to use or adapt to them, how these systems affect their identities, how to protect people with prosthetics from external interference, and how to ensure fair access to them. The review concludes by emphasizing the control these systems provide for people and a brief exploration of the future of neural prosthetics.

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Embracing Multiple Normals — A 12-Year-Old Boy in India with a Cochlear Implant

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Technological socialities: The impact of information and communication technologies on belonging among deaf and hard‐of‐hearing people

Technological socialities: The impact of information and communication technologies on belonging among deaf and hard‐of‐hearing people

Harnessing the power of artificial intelligence to transform hearing healthcare and research

Ethical and social aspects of neural prosthetics

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