Embroidered and Surface Modified Polycaprolactone-Co-Lactide Scaffolds as Bone Substitute: In Vitro Characterization

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate an embroidered polycaprolactone-co-lactide (trade name PCL) scaffold for the application in bone tissue engineering. The surface of the PCL scaffolds was hydrolyzed with NaOH and coated with collagen I (coll I) and chondroitin sulfate (CS). It was investigated if a change of the surface properties and the application of coll I and CS could promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). The porosity (80%) and pore size (0.2-1 mm) of the scaffold could be controlled by embroidery technique and should be suitable for bone ingrowth. The treatment with NaOH made the polymer surface more hydrophilic (water contact angle dropped to 25%), enhanced the coll I adsorption (up to 15%) and the cell attachment (two times). The coll I coated scaffold improved cell attachment and proliferation (three times). CS, as part of the artificial matrix, could induce the osteogenic differentiation of hMSC without other differentiation additives. The investigated scaffolds could act not just as temporary matrix for cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation in bone tissue engineering but also have a great potential as bioartificial bone substitute.

Long‐bone critical‐size defects treated with tissue‐engineered polycaprolactone‐co‐lactide scaffolds: A pilot study on rats

“…This fact confirms the previous in vitro data, which showed a better adherence of the cells on coated scaffolds in contrast to noncoated scaffolds. 8 Osteogenic markers, such as OP and ON, could only be detected in the coll I/CS-coated groups (Fig. 8), which indicates an induction of bone formation regarding to the CS coating.…”

“…8 The range of interconnecting micropores and macro-pores maintained an excellent vessel formation within the 3D implant. The vascularization occurred in all groups, but it is significantly higher in the cell-seeded coll I/CS group.…”

Amide‐linkage formed between ammonia plasma treated poly(D,L‐lactide acid) scaffolds and bio‐peptides: Enhancement of cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation in vitro

“…Surface characteristics of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering must support cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. [33][34][35][36] Numerous methods of surface modification have been developed. 13,14,19,[37][38][39] In this study, we combine NH 3 plasma treatment with peptides coupling technologies to affect the aforementioned cytobiological behaviors of BMSCs in PDLLA scaffolds.…”

Electrospinning of Nanocomposite Fibrillar Tubular and Flat Scaffolds with Controlled Fiber Orientation

“…Electrospun PLLA/HA scaffolds of a fibre diameter of about 5 m have been used successfully for the proliferation of osteoblasts [28] where the presence of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles has been seen beneficial for the adhesion of osteoblasts in experiments in rabbits [28]. On the other hand, hydrophilicity has been found important for the attachment and proliferation of cells in a study [29] in which PCL (polycaprolactone-co-lactide) scaffolds have been coated with collagen I. Studies of osteogenic differentiaition of marrow stromal cells on random and 4 aligned PLLA fibres [21] showed that the aligned fibre scaffolds induced cell alignment and extensions in the fibre direction and tripled the extent of mineralisation after 3 weeks.…”