Embryo Incision as a New Technique for Double Seedling Production of Indonesian Elite Coconut Type “Kopyor”

Abstract

Abstract.One of the present major limitations of seedling production of kopyortype coconut using embryo culture is that only one seedling can be produced from a single embryo. Therefore, we report on the development of a new breakthrough technique for the production of double seedlings from a single embryo. The technique consists of four steps, viz. (i) germination; (ii) incision; (iii) splitting; and (iv) recovery. A histological study was carried out on the development of the halved embryo into a new shoot. The best recovery process was obtained when the incised embryo was split into two and recovered into Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2 µM IBA and 15 µM kinetin. Following this protocol, an average of 56 shoots was successfully recovered from 30 zygotic embryos. The histological study also revealed that the meristem tissue of the halved embryo was able to produce a new meristem and primordial leaf. Most of the shoots then went on to produce normal seedlings and could be acclimatized successfully after having developed 2 or 3 leaves. This protocol is useful for routine seedling production of the kopyor-type coconut.

Designing Ex Situ Conservation Strategies for Butia capitata [Mart. (Becc.) Arecaceae], a Threatened Palm Tree from Brazilian Savannah Biome, through Zygotic Embryo Cryopreservation

“…N'Nan et al [35] concluded that cryopreservation of Cocos nucifera embryos after silica gel drying is feasible and facilitates phytosanitary control for the establishment of germplasm collections. Similarly, Sisunandar [36] observed that embryo maturity is related to germination rates and complete plant formation in Cocos nucifera embryos subjected to LN. Cryopreservation of seeds with Elaeis guineensis integument proved effective, suggesting that rescuing zygotic embryos or using cryoprotectants may not be necessary [37].…”

Development of the first axillary in vitro shoot multiplication protocol for coconut palms

“…banana 36 , ensete 37 & pitaya 38 , these techniques proved to be ineffective in coconut. Sisunandar and coworkers developed an embryo incision method that when combined with the addition of cytokinins in the medium, resulted in only two cloned plantlets per embryo 39 . Our results significantly differed from this report in two ways; firstly the plantlets that were cut in two, both in the presence and absence of TDZ, always resulted in the death of one part.…”

Kriteria planlet kelapa kopyor yang siap untuk diaklimatisasi [Criteria of kopyor coconut plantlets ready to be acclimatized]

“…Teknik kultur in vitro kelapa kopyor melalui kultur penyelamatan embrio (embryo rescue) saat ini umum digunakan di Indonesia untuk menghasilkan bibit kelapa kopyor (Tahardi & Warga-Dalem, 1982;Mashud & Manaroinsong, 2007;Sukendah et al, 2008;Sisunandar, 2011;Sisunandar et al, 2015). Tahapan kultur embrio kelapa kopyor dimulai dari perkecambahan embrio, perkembangan tunas, pembentukan akar, pembesaran planlet, dan aklimatisasi.…”