Embryo survival and alevin emergence of brook charr, <i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i> and brown trout, <i>Salmo trutta</i>, relative to redd gravel composition

Witzel, Larry D.; MacCrimmon, Hugh R.

doi:10.1139/z83-230

Cited by 60 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…-Witzel and MacCrimmon (1983a) showed egg hatching success in small-grained substrate to be 0.13 of hatching success in coarser grained substrate. According to our analysis, a value slightly lower than this could potentially lead to local extinction.…”

Section: Local Extinctionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Because egg survival in salmonids is dependent on substrate size (Witzel and MacCrimmon 1983a) and water flow around the interstitial spaces housing the eggs, the effect of siltation should be expressed as a decrease in egg-to-larva survival (Table 1).…”

Section: Habitat Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to our analysis, a value slightly lower than this could potentially lead to local extinction. Admittedly, less severe alterations of the substrate would have less severe impacts on hatching success (Witzel and MacCrimmon 1983a), but the data and model certainly give cause for concern.…”

Section: Local Extinctionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Population Responses to Multiple Anthropogenic Effects: A Case Study with Brook Trout

Marschall¹,

Crowder²

1996

Ecological Applications

102

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Abstract. Population declines are often caused by multiple factors, including anthropogenic ones that can be mitigated or reversed to enhance population recovery. We used a size-classified matrix population model to examine multiple anthropogenic effects on a population and determine which factors are most (or least) important to population dynamics. We modeled brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in southern Appalachian mountain streams responding to multiple anthropogenic effects including the introduction of an exotic salmonid species (rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss), a decrease in pH (through acidic deposition), an increase in siltation (from roadbuilding and logging), and an increase in fishing pressure.Potential brook trout responses to rainbow trout include a decrease in survival rate of small fish, a change in density dependence in survival of small fish, and a decrease in growth rates of all sizes. When we included these responses in the population model, we found that population size tended to decrease with an increase in small-fish growth rate (producing a population with fewer, but larger, fish). In addition, changes in patterns of density-dependent survival also had a strong impact on both population size and size structure. Brook trout respond to decreases in pH with decreased growth rate in all size classes, decreased survival rates of small fish, and decreased egg-to-larva survival rates. This combination of effects, at magnitudes documented in laboratory experiments, had severe negative impacts on the modeled population. If siltation effects were severe, the extreme increase in egg-to-larva mortality could have strong negative effects on the population. However, even very strong increases in large fish mortality associated with sport harvesting were not likely to cause a local extinction. In all of these cases, the interaction of drastic changes in population size structure with randomly occurring floods or droughts may lead to even stronger negative impacts than those predicted from the deterministic model.Because these fish can reproduce at a small size, negative impacts on survival of the largest fish were not detrimental to the persistence of the population. Because survival of small juveniles is density dependent, even moderate decreases in survival in this stage had little effect on the ultimate population size. In general, a brook trout population will respond most negatively to factors that decrease survival of large juveniles and small adults, and growth rates of small juveniles.

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Section: Local Extinctionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Habitat Alterationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing Population Responses to Multiple Anthropogenic Effects: A Case Study with Brook Trout

Marschall¹,

Crowder²

1996

Ecological Applications

102

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“…Scorff Aval (1990) 318 : 89-101 -92 -la phase d'incubation et de la vie sous gravier étant fonction de la granulométrie du substrat (WITZEL et MACCRIMON, 1983). la date médiane d'émergence des alevins a été située 765 degrés-jours après la date médiane de ponte sur le ruisseau de Kernec.…”

Section: Scorff Amontunclassified

La croissance de la truite commune (Salmo trutta L.) sur le bassin de Scorff

Baglinière

Maisse

1990

Bull. Fr. Piscic.

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RÉSUMÉLa croissance de la truite commune (Salmo trutta L.) a été étudiée à partir du suivi de cfnq cohortes âgées de 0-à 2-ans dans quatre milieux différents (Scorff aval et amont, affluent, sous-affluent).D'une manière générale, la taille des truites quel que soit leur âge diminue de l'aval vers l'amont du Scorff et de la rivière à l'affluent et au sous-affluent. Le taux mensuel de croissance G = 2,85 (LnL2 -LnL1)/(T2 -T1) diminue de la première à la troisième année de vie quel que soit l'ordre de drainage. Ce taux de croissance varie suivant le milieu pour les deux premières classes d'âge (0+ et 1 ^ ), cet effet milieu étant relié à la densité de population pour les individus 0+. Le taux de croissance varie également suivant les années mais uniquement chez les plus jeunes truites et cet effet année est relié principalement à la température de l'eau. Un modèle de Von Bertalanffy est proposé pour décrire la relation entre la taille (Lf) et la somme des températures moyennes journalières depuis la date moyenne d'émergence (Tmj) pendant la première année:Les résultats sont discutés et permettent de dégager les faits majeurs intervenant sur la croissance de la truite tout au long d'un cycle jusqu'à la maturation sexuelle.Mots-clés : Température -Croissance -Truite commune -Rivière -France. THE GROWTH OF THE BROWN TROUT (SALMO TRUTTA L.) IN THE BASIN OF SCORFF RIVER SUMMARYThe growth of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) has been studied with 0^ to 2» year old fish belonging to five cohorts, living in four différent environmental conditions (lower and upper part of River Scorff, a tributary and a subtributary of this river).Size of trout decreases in ail âge classes from the lower to the upper part of the main river, from the main river to the tributary and from the tributary to the subtributary. The monthly growth rate, expressed as G = 2.85 (LnL2 -LnL1)/(T2 -T1), decreases in each environmental condition from the first to the third year of life. Différences in the monthly growth rate according to différent environmental conditions could only be observed in the 0^ and 1-âge classes. For 0+ trout, this effect dépends on population density. In the younger trout population, growth rate changes also from one year to another, depending on the température of the water. The relation between length (Lf) and the sum of degree-days from the mean date of émergence (Tmj) is described for the first year of life. A good corrélation is found for an exponential model: Lf = 106.7 (1 -exp ]).Results are discussed and allow to draw some conclusions on the main factors influencing the growth of brown Trout up to the sexual maturation.

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“…I n t h e i r s t u d y , p a r t i c l e s 0.85 t o 9.5 mm had r e l a t i v e l y l i t t l e e f f e c t upon s u r v i v a l . Witzel and MacCrimmon (1983), i n a d i f f e r e n t approach, ahowed brook-brown t r o u t s u r v i v a l of 0 t o 20 p e r c e n t from h a t c h i n g t o emergence i n u n i g r a n u l a r g r a v e l 6.2 mm o r l e s s , and i n m u l t i t e x t u r e d g r a v e l w i t h 60 p e r c e n t o r more sand. S u r v i v a l was 60-90 p e r c e n t i n 9.2 mm g r a v e l and g r a v e l s w i t h 20 p e r c e n t o r l e s s sand.…”

Section: Spawning Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Southern Forests for Wildlife and Fish A Proceedings

Dickson¹,

Maughan²

1987

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A PROCEEDINGS EDITED BY JAMES Gs DICKSON AND 0s EUGENE MAUGHANP r e f a c e Southern f o r e s t s a r e very p r o d u c t i v e f o r w i l d l i f e a s w e l l a s wood f i b e r . User r e c r e a t i o n demands f o r game and nongame w i l d l i f e and f i s h c o n t i n u e t o i n c r e a s e a s human p o p u l a t i o n s grow i n t h e s u n b e l t . The = i n d e t e m i n a n t of w i l d l i f e p o p u l a t i o n s i s s u i t a b i l i t y of f o r e s t h a b i t a t and t h e primary manipulator of t h e h a b i t a t i s t h e f o r e s t e r . F o r e s t r y d e c i s i o n s and p r a c t i c e s determine h a b i t a t s u i t a b i l i t y f o r w i l d l i f e c o r n u n i t i e s and u l t i m a t e l y w i l d l i f e p o p u l a t i o n s . With t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n we p l a n t o demonstrate how s o u t h e r n f o r e s t s can be managed f o r t h e myriad of w i l d l i f e s p e c i e s . General t o p i c s i n t h e p u b l i c a t i o n r e l a t i n g t o w i l d l i f e communities i n c l u d e economics of a c c o m o d a t i n g w i l d l i f e and f i s h , impact of s p e c i f i c f o r e s t r y p r a c t i c e s , s p e c i a l t e c h n i q u e s , agency p o l i c y and p r a c t i c e s , and p r o s p e c t s f o r t h e f u t u r e . Although e a r l i e r d r a f t s of t h e s e papers were e d i t e d , t h e c o n t e n t of each f i n a l manuscript was t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y of each a u t h o r . W e thank Ronald T h i l l , Alexander Zale, Hugh Black, Lowell H a l l s , Roger Baker, George H u r s t , and James Neal f o r a s s i s t a n c e i n reviewing t h e s e manuscripts.T h i s p u b l i c a t i o n is from t h e proceedings o f t h e W i l d l i f e and F i s h Ecology Technical S e s s i o n , 1986 S o c i e t y of American F o r e s t e r s N a t i o n a l Convention, Birmingham, Alabama.James G. Southem Forests for Wildlife and Fish," is an intriguing one, It incorporates elements of a basic fact, of a general area of professional controversy, and of an ever-increasing public interest. It is a fact that southern forests, under almost any sort of forestry program, are major producers of wildlife and the sources of a huge proportion of all the fresh water supplying southern streams and lakes. Nothing short of wholesale conversion to agriculture could alter this situation significantly.The disputes between foresters, wildlife professionals, and water resource managers over relative priorities among timber, wildlife and water are legendary and intensely frustrating to all sides. Public sentiment seems generally favorable toward trees, animals and fish of all sorts, is largely uniformed and appears to increase in passion as wealth and education and urbanization of the human population grow. Further, the spectrum of groups who have legitimate interests in forests, water and wildlife grows more and more varied every year.In this situation, one would hope that there would be grounds for common cause among the natural resource ...

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Embryo survival and alevin emergence of brook charr, Salvelinus fontinalis and brown trout, Salmo trutta, relative to redd gravel composition

Cited by 60 publications

References 23 publications

Assessing Population Responses to Multiple Anthropogenic Effects: A Case Study with Brook Trout

Assessing Population Responses to Multiple Anthropogenic Effects: A Case Study with Brook Trout

La croissance de la truite commune (Salmo trutta L.) sur le bassin de Scorff

Managing Southern Forests for Wildlife and Fish A Proceedings

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