Embryogeny of Abies

Hutchinson, A. H.

doi:10.1086/333315

Cited by 9 publications

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“…4, 10), although meristematic cells are present at the epicotyl apex, they are comparatively inactive insofar as cell division and cell enlargement go. A similar situation in mature embryos of gymnosperms has been reported by Schopf (1943) in Larix, Hutchinson (1924) in Abies, and Allen (1947) in Pseudotsuga. The relative inactivity of the apical meristematic cells, therefore, suggests that the epicotyl region does not have any immediate influence on either the procambium initiation in the hypocotyl-root axis or in the cotyledons of the embryo.…”

supporting

confidence: 84%

The Developmental Anatomy of the Annonaceae. I. Embryo and Early Seedling Structure

Hayat

Canright

1965

American J of Botany

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Development of the epicotylary meristem is delayed; thus, it apparently has no immediate controlling influence on the procambium initiation either in the hypocotyl‐root axis or in the cotyledons. Contrary to the situation found in most herbaceous dicotyledons, the procambium forms a hollow cylinder in the axis of the mature embryo. The first protophloem differentiates simultaneously in the upper part of the hypocotyl‐root axis, at the base of the cotyledons, and in the cotyledons; protoxylem differentiation follows the same pattern as that of the protophloem. The direct vascular connection between the hypocotyl‐root axis and cotyledons is established early in the mature embryo, and the fundamental aspects of transition phenomena are exhibited by the procambium before mature vascular elements differentiate. In the mature embryos, the pattern of lateral differentiation is irregular in that the number of protoxylem elements present at different levels is quite variable.

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confidence: 84%

The Developmental Anatomy of the Annonaceae. I. Embryo and Early Seedling Structure

Hayat

Canright

1965

American J of Botany

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“…He found another type of polyembryony, which he called cleavage polyembryony, in which two embryos simultaneously develop from one four-celled tier, but it is a rare phenomenon in Larix decidua zygotic embryogenesis (Schopf, 1943). Cleavage polyembryony occurs in nature in a number of conifer genera (Buchholz, 1920(Buchholz, , 1926Hutchinson, 1924), as well as in culture (Gupta andDurzan, 1986a, 1987). In our cultures, cleavage-like polyembryony occurs frequently.…”

Section: -mentioning

confidence: 64%

Formation of Haploid Embryoids of Larix Decidua: Early Embryogenesis

Aderkas

Bonga

1988

American J of Botany

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Callus initiation of sections of megagametophytes of Larix decidua occurs just below the cut surface and is followed by the formation of one or more long protruding cells. The long cells then divide transversely at their tips to yield small cytoplasmically-dense terminal cells. The latter divide, forming loose aggregates of dense cells, microcalli, which develop long cells that radiate in all directions and divide terminally to produce aggregates of small cells. This long/short cell alternation is repeated a few times. Eventually the aggregates divide in a polarized manner producing files of long cells predominantly in one direction. These loosely bundled long cells form a suspensor-like structure. The meristematic small cells continue dividing forming a mass of embryonal cells. This early embryoid eventually turns green and produces both a root and shoot. Haploid embryoids are also derived from long cells in which karyokinesis but not cytokinesis occurs, resulting in a four-nucleate coenocyte. The nuclei migrate to one pole and become surrounded by cell walls. The cells thus formed are the originators of a new embryoid.

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“…Scale bar = 0.25 mm. (Hutchinson 1924) or four (Johansen 1950;Owens and Molder 1977;Singh andOwens 1981, 1982). Johansen (1950) explained the variation by the dysfunctional suspensor tier being ephemeral and the embryonal suspensor tier elongating very rapidly; thus, neither is easily recognized.…”

Section: Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting seed and cone development in Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis)

Owens¹,

Morris²

1998

Can. J. For. Res.

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The reproductive development from pollination until seed maturity for Pacific silver fir (amabilis fir; Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex J. Forbes) was studied at two sites in British Columbia. Ten trees growing at varying elevations at each site were flagged and two or more cones were collected from each tree every 1 or 2 weeks. Following size measurements, cones were dissected and 20 ovules from each cone were sampled, fixed, embedded in paraffin, sectioned, and stained for anatomical study. Ovule, megagametophyte, and embryo size was measured and stage of ovule or seed and embryo was determined. At both sites the phenology and details of development were similar. The major causes of cone loss were frost at pollination and insect damage following pollination. The seed potential per cone was 359-408, but the filled seeds per cone based on cutting tests and X-raying was only 18-22%. The major causes of seed loss were insect damage (32-39%) during ovule and seed development and failure of ovules to be pollinated (26-31%). Although the amount of insect damage was similar at both sites, damage at Site 1 was primarily caused by Megastigmus sp. larvae in the seeds whereas at Site 2, damage was to seeds, scales, and the cone axis and due to Earomyia abietum larvae. Megagametophyte and embryo development is described and the time and causes of the seed loss are related to development. Anomalous types of development are described and possible causes discussed.Résumé : Le développement reproductif du sapin gracieux (sapin amabilis; Abies amabilis (Dougl. ex Loud.) Dougl. ex J. Forbes), de la pollinisation à la graine, a été étudié sur deux sites de la Colombie-Britannique. Sur chaque site, 10 arbres ont été sélectionnés à différentes élévations et, à toutes les 1 ou 2 semaines, au moins deux cônes ont été récoltés sur chaque arbre. Après avoir été mesuré, chaque cône a été disséqué et 20 ovules ont été prélevés, fixés, enrobés de parafine, sectionnés et colorés pour fins d'étude anatomique. La dimension des ovules, des mégagamétophytes et des embryons a été mesurée et le stade de l'ovule ou de la graine et de l'embryon a été déterminé. La phénologie et les détails du développement étaient similaires sur les deux sites. Les deux principales causes de pertes de cônes étaient le gel lors de la pollinisation et les dégâts occasionnés par les insectes suite à la pollinisation. Le nombre potentiel de graines par cône était de 359 à 408 mais les dissections et les rayons X ont révélé que seulement 18 à 22% des graines contenaient des embryons. Les causes majeures de pertes de graines étaient les dégâts occasionnés par les insectes (32-39%) pendant l'ovulation et le développement de la graine, de même que l'échec de la pollinisation des graines (26-31%). Bien que l'ampleur des dégâts d'insectes ait été similaire aux deux sites, les dégâts enregistrés au site 1 étaient principalement causés aux graines par des larves de Megastigmus sp., alors qu'au site 2, des larves d'Earomyia abietum avaient endommagé les graines, les ...

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Embryogeny of Abies

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

The Developmental Anatomy of the Annonaceae. I. Embryo and Early Seedling Structure

The Developmental Anatomy of the Annonaceae. I. Embryo and Early Seedling Structure

Formation of Haploid Embryoids of Larix Decidua: Early Embryogenesis

Factors affecting seed and cone development in Pacific silver fir (Abies amabilis)

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