Embryonic and fetal development of the red brocket deer (Mazama americana)

Prenatal post‐implantation development of collared peccaries (Pecari tajacuLinnaeus, 1758)

“…Macroscopically, the genital tubercle was undifferentiated in peccaries at 40 dpc, becoming differentiated after 50 dpc, allowing for gonadal sex determination from this stage, similar to that described at 49 days in the white‐lipped peccaries (Andrade, Monteiro, Bizri, Pantoja, et al., 2018), at 49 days in collared peccaries (Smith & Sowls, 1975), at 45 days in collared peccaries (Mayor, Silva, et al., 2019) and at 55 days in wild deer (Mayor, Pereira, et al., 2019), contrasting with domestic pigs, which are formed early, at 28 days (Evan & Sack, 1973).…”

“…This event occurs in collared peccaries at 100 dpc, corroborating reports for other pigs, for example, at 90 days in domestic pigs (Evan & Sack, 1973), at 106 days in previously described collared peccaries (Mayor, Silva, et al., 2019) and at 125 days in white‐lipped peccaries (Andrade, Monteiro, Bizri, Pantoja, et al., 2018). In cervids, eyelid opening has been reported at 130 days in brown brocket (Cháves & Maffei, 2012) and at 166 days in red brocket (Mayor, Pereira, et al., 2019). However, later eyelid opening is expected in the cervids, as the gestational period of this family is greater than in pigs.…”

“…In the present study, the data represent real ages, monitored throughout pregnancy, similar to the methodology used to monitor gestational development in Brazilian guinea‐pigs (Vale, 2017), agoutis (Fortes et al., 2013; Oliveira et al., 2017) and peccaries (Mayor et al., 2005; Smith & Sowls, 1975); and differing from the methodology based on gestational age estimate calculations, such as in studies carried out on paca (Bizri et al., 2017), woolly monkey (Andrade, Monteiro, Bizri, Vicente, et al., 2018), white‐tailed deer (Armstrong, 1950), red deer (Cháves & Maffei, 2012), red deer (Mayor, Pereira, et al., 2019), white‐lipped peccary (Andrade, Monteiro, Bizri, Pantoja, et al., 2018) and animals belonging to the same species in this study (Mayor, Silva, et al., 2019; Santos, 2002).…”

“…On the other hand, our data differ from those described by Evans & Sack (1973) for domestic pigs, where tactile hair is formed early, at 28 days. In deer, such as the white‐tailed deer, tactile hair development is reported at 45 days (Armstrong, 1950), in red brocket, at 116 days (Mayor, Pereira, et al., 2019), and in brown brocket, at 130 days (Cháves & Maffei, 2012).…”

“…Concerning deer, tooth eruption occurs on average at 166 dpc in wild deer (Mayor, Pereira, et al., 2019), at 181 dpc in white‐tailed deer (Armstrong, 1950) and at 190 dpc in brown brocket (Cháves & Maffei, 2012). In these cases, it is the lower incisor teeth that erupt, since these animals are herbivores, displaying absence of upper incisor teeth.…”