Embryonic regeneration by relocalization of the Spemann organizer during twinning in
            <i>Xenopus</i>

Moriyama, Yuki; Robertis, Edward M. De

doi:10.1073/pnas.1802749115

Cited by 13 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…There have been few experimental systems, at least in arthropods, used for investigating these types of capabilities in embryonic fields [24][25][26]. Similar embryological phenomena have been reported in some vertebrate models [27]. P. tepidariorum offers an experimental system to study mechanisms of self-regulation.…”

Section: Self-regulationmentioning

confidence: 76%

The common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum

Oda

Akiyama-Oda

2020

EvoDevo

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The common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum, belonging to the Chelicerata in the phylum Arthropoda, has emerged as an experimental system for studying mechanisms of development from an evolutionary standpoint. In this article, we review the distinct characteristics of P. tepidariorum, the major research questions relevant to this organism, and the available key methods and resources. P. tepidariorum has a relatively short lifecycle and, once mated, periodically lays eggs. The morphogenetic field of the P. tepidariorum embryo is cellular from an early stage and exhibits stepwise symmetry-breaking events and stripe-forming processes that are associated with body axes formation and segmentation, respectively, before reaching the arthropod phylotypic stage. Self-regulatory capabilities of the embryonic field are a prominent feature in P. tepidariorum. The mechanisms and logic underlying the evolvability of heritable patterning systems at the phylum level could be one of the major avenues of research investigated using this animal. The sequenced genome reveals whole genome duplication (WGD) within chelicerates, which offers an invertebrate platform for investigating the potential roles of WGD in animal diversification and evolution. The development and evolution of lineage-specific organs, including the book lungs and the union of spinnerets and silk glands, are attractive subjects of study. Studies using P. tepidariorum can benefit from the use of parental RNA interference, microinjection applications (including cell labeling and embryonic RNA interference), multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization, and laser ablation as well as rich genomic and transcriptomic resources. These techniques enable functional gene discoveries and the uncovering of cellular and molecular insights.

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Section: Self-regulationmentioning

confidence: 76%

The common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum

Oda

Akiyama-Oda

2020

EvoDevo

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“…This has been accomplished mainly in amphibians, but also in fish, birds, and small mammals [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. The organizer expresses numerous specific genes that encode transcription factors and secreted molecules, involved in complex regulatory pathways of the inducing activity of the organizer [ 7 ]. Some of the expressed transcription factors include Gsc (the first molecule expressed in the organizer to be discovered), Sia, dharma, Xtwn, Pintallavis, Xotx2, Xlim1, Xbra, Xanf1/HNF3-β, Lim1, and Xnot, which are homeodomain proteins [ 2 ].…”

Section: Overview Of Major Signaling Pathways and Targets Involved In Organizer-induced Embryonic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, the three germ layers will respond to the organizer’s signals [ 6 ]. Since the initial research carried out mainly by Spemann and Harland, in recent decades many experiments have been carried out to provide more knowledge about the function of the Spemann–Mangold organizer during embryonic development [ 3 , 5 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. It has been found that the amphibious Spemann–Mangold organizer has developmental analogues in other vertebrates [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Organizer and Its Signaling in Embryonic Development

Kim

Park

Lee

2021

JDB

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Germ layer specification and axis formation are crucial events in embryonic development. The Spemann organizer regulates the early developmental processes by multiple regulatory mechanisms. This review focuses on the responsive signaling in organizer formation and how the organizer orchestrates the germ layer specification in vertebrates. Accumulated evidence indicates that the organizer influences embryonic development by dual signaling. Two parallel processes, the migration of the organizer’s cells, followed by the transcriptional activation/deactivation of target genes, and the diffusion of secreting molecules, collectively direct the early development. Finally, we take an in-depth look at active signaling that originates from the organizer and involves germ layer specification and patterning.

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“…Embryos with the best D-V polarity (Klein, 1987) were selected at the 2-and 4-cell stages, cultured in 0.1 × Marc's modified Ringer's and staged (Nieuwkoop and Faber, 1967). Stage 8 embryos were manually dechorionated with watchmaker forceps and bisected with an eyelash knife in 0.3 × Modified Barth's Solution (MBS, Gurdon, 1976) as described by Moriyama and De Robertis (2018). Sagittal bisections cut the dorsal crescent in half, while dorsal and ventral halves were sectioned perpendicular to that plane.…”

Section: Embryo Manipulation and Generation Of Sagittal Half Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The frequency of well-patterned twins was increased by choosing those embryos in which the large wound left by bisection was completed within 60 minutes, followed by a second screening for those sagittal half embryos in which the dorsal lip formed 90° away from the healing point. For stage 12 sagittally bisected embryos, a further selection was performed choosing half-embryos with asymmetric pigmentation on the left and right sides (see Moriyama and De Robertis, 2018).…”

Section: Embryo Manipulation and Generation Of Sagittal Half Embryosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of regeneration during Xenopus laevis experimental twinning

Sosa¹,

Moriyama²,

Ding³

et al. 2019

Int. J. Dev. Biol.

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Animal embryos have the remarkable property of self-organization. Over 125 years ago, Hans Driesch separated the two blastomeres of sea urchin embryos and obtained twins, in what was the foundation of experimental embryology. Since then, embryonic twinning has been obtained experimentally in many animals. In a recent study, we developed bisection methods that generate identical twins reliably from Xenopus blastula embryos. In the present study, we have investigated the transcriptome of regenerating half-embryos after sagittal and dorsal-ventral (D-V) bisections. Individual embryos were operated at midblastula (stage 8) with an eyelash hair and cultured until early gastrula (stage 10.5) or late gastrula (stage 12) and the transcriptome of both halves were analyzed by RNA-seq. Since many genes are activated by wound healing in Xenopus embryos, we resorted to stringent sequence analyses and identified genes up-regulated in identical twins but not in either dorsal or ventral fragments. At early gastrula, cell division-related transcripts such as histones were elevated, whereas at late gastrula, pluripotency genes (such as sox2) and germ layer determination genes (such as eomesodermin, ripply2 and activin receptor ACVRI) were identified. Among the down-regulated transcripts, sizzled, a regulator of Chordin stability, was prominent. These findings are consistent with a model in which cell division is required to heal damage, while maintaining pluripotency to allow formation of the organizer with a displacement of 90 0 from its original site. The extensive transcriptomic data presented here provides a valuable resource for data mining of gene expression during early vertebrate development.

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Embryonic regeneration by relocalization of the Spemann organizer during twinning in Xenopus

Cited by 13 publications

References 42 publications

The common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum

The common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum

The Organizer and Its Signaling in Embryonic Development

Transcriptome analysis of regeneration during Xenopus laevis experimental twinning

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