Embryonic sulphated black crusts on carbonate rocks in atmospheric simulation chamber and in the field: role of carbonaceous fly-ash

Ausset, Patrick; Monte, Marco Del; Roger, Léa

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00399-9

Cited by 76 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The most common sedimentary feature of this second limestone type is cross bedding, which is often visible on ashlars. The studied porous limestone types are similar in many aspects to some other porous limestone, such as the British Great Oolite (Monks Park Limestone; Bell 1993), various Jurassic limestone formations of Oxford (Viles 1993), the porous limestone of Cairo (Fitzner et al 2002) or the French Jaumont Limestone (Ausset et al 1999), but are very often much softer, lighter and especially the fine-grained types are more porous (Török 2003). The differences in fabric are also reflected in the physical properties.…”

Section: á Török Central European Geology 50 2007mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…It has also been noted at an early stage that industrialization and urbanization had caused a significant increase of air pollutant concentration in the atmosphere. In recent years gypsum crust formation has been modeled under laboratory conditions (Rodriguez-Navarro and Sebastian 1996; Ausset et al 1999;Primerano et al 2000;Cultrone et al 2004). Different limestone test blocks exposed to the same pollution regime have also been analyzed to understand the role of pollutants and limestone fabric in weathering ("scale problem", cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Morphology and detachment mechanism of weathering crusts of porous limestone in the urban environment of Budapest

Török¹

2007

Central European Geology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A fine-grained and a medium-grained oolitic limestone of Miocene age were studied on ashlars of monuments in Budapest. The studied buildings are located in a polluted urban environment. The surface alteration is characterized by the presence of white (thin and thick) and black (laminar and framboidal) weathering crusts. Flaking, scaling and blistering are common crust detachment forms. Crust detachment is followed by rapid surface loss in the form of granular disintegration or of secondary crusts stabilizing the stone surface. Non-destructive in situ mechanical tests such as Schmidt hammer rebound and Duroscope clearly document the presence of thin and thick weathering crusts, and the degradation of underlying fine-and medium-grained limestone. Crust formation is associated with a textural change, since precipitation of pore-occluding calcite and gypsum and reduction of porosity in the crust zone has been recorded. Crust detachment is attributed to the crystallization pressure of air pollution-related gypsum, to freeze/thaw cycles, and to differences in mechanical properties of crust and host rock.

show abstract

Section: á Török Central European Geology 50 2007mentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphology and detachment mechanism of weathering crusts of porous limestone in the urban environment of Budapest

Török¹

2007

Central European Geology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Weathering has been considered a natural step in the ''life cycle'' of rocks since the pioneering papers in this field (Honeyborne and Harris 1958;Robinson and Baker 1975). However, it can be strongly accelerated by the action of acid substances derived from several combustion processes (Fassina et al 1976;Del Monte et al 1984;Ausset et al 1999;Esbert et al 2000;Delalieux et al 2001;McAlister et al 2006). Compositional and textural features of stone materials are acknowledged to be determining factors in the efficiency of the response offered against attack by aggressive environmental agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural and anthropogenic sources of total suspended particulate and their contribution to the formation of black crusts on building stone materials of Catania (Sicily)

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Blackening and disaggregation of exposed surfaces of stone monuments are well-known effects of stone decay taking place in polluted urban environments all over the world. This paper aims to assess the contribution of natural and anthropogenic sources of total suspended particulate (TSP) causing permanent damage (black crusts) to the stone monuments of Catania (Sicily), one of the most popular ''cities of art'' of southern Italy. Atmospheric pollution of Catania, a typical Mediterranean coastal town, is mainly contributed by vehicle exhaust emissions rather than industrial ones. Episodically, the city also suffers gaseous and ash emissions (plumes) from the nearby Mount Etna volcano. Thus, to discriminate between natural and anthropogenic contributions to stone decay on Catania monuments, black crusts and TSP were sampled within the urban area and subjected to specific analytical procedures (optical microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectrometry, ionic chromatography and dual inlet mass spectrometry). Mineralogical, chemical and isotopic characterization of black crusts and TSP provided new insights concerning the partition of sulfate sources in this particular urban context. The influence of Mount Etna emissions on both TSP and black crusts compositions was shown. Nevertheless, the key role of anthropogenic sources in the total sulfate budget was confirmed, while sea spray and volcanic emissions were found to make subordinate contributions. Quantitative data useful for the identification of the threshold pollution levels for preventive conservation of Catania monuments were obtained.

show abstract

“…Most of the papers refer to their contribution to air pollution and the e!ects on human health (Dzubay and Mamane, 1989;Van Borm et al, 1989Rojas et al, 1990;Paoletti et al, 1991;Al-Rajhi et al, 1996;McMurry et al, 1996;Querol et al, 1996;BeH ruBeH et al, 1997;Esteve et al, 1997;Harrison et al, 1997;Zou and Hooper, 1997;Kasparian et al, 1998;Chan et al, 1999;Paoletti et al, 1999, etc.). Other articles mention particulate e!ects on building stone decay (Haynie, 1985(Haynie, , 1986Lanting, 1986;Leysen et al, 1987;Zappia et al, 1991;Hutchinson et al, 1992;DmH az-Pache et al, 1994;Nord et al, 1994;RodrmH guez-Navarro and SebastiaH n, 1996;Esbert et al, 1996;Torfs and Van Grieken, 1997;Ausset et al, 1998Ausset et al, , 1999Grossi et al, 1998, etc.). This paper is focused on this last topic and presents a methodology to study solid particles in urban atmospheres.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne particulate matter around the Cathedral of Burgos (Castilla y León, Spain)

Esbert

Díaz-Pache

Grossi

et al. 2001

Atmospheric Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A methodology to collect and analyse atmospheric particulate matter has been developed at the Cathedral of Burgos (Spain). Particles were collected in a portable particle sampler on carbon layers and stone surfaces. The analyses were undertaken under SEM-EDX by means X-ray mapping and Featurescan (a program for the automated characterisation of particles). To determine their possible sources, particles collected in the sampler and on carbon layers were classi"ed according to their composition, mainly by cluster analysis. Then, they were compared with those deposited on stone surfaces. This classi"cation is useful when a plan of preventive conservation for monuments is to be undertaken. In general, no important di!erences are observed between the chemical composition of particles directly collected from the atmosphere and those deposited on di!erent substrates. Fine particles present the highest sulphur contents (almost 100%), while calcium is the major element in the medium and coarse particles. Other abundant elements are silicon, chlorine and phosphorus. The number of iron-rich particles is small. The study of the material deposited on carbon layers and stone substrates has con"rmed the presence of gypsum in all cases.

show abstract

Embryonic sulphated black crusts on carbonate rocks in atmospheric simulation chamber and in the field: role of carbonaceous fly-ash

Cited by 76 publications

References 24 publications

Morphology and detachment mechanism of weathering crusts of porous limestone in the urban environment of Budapest

Morphology and detachment mechanism of weathering crusts of porous limestone in the urban environment of Budapest

Natural and anthropogenic sources of total suspended particulate and their contribution to the formation of black crusts on building stone materials of Catania (Sicily)

Airborne particulate matter around the Cathedral of Burgos (Castilla y León, Spain)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About