Embryotoxicity of oral administered chlorothalonil in mice

Abstract

On the basis of the present results chlorothalonil can produce clinical signs of toxicity and fetotoxicity without teratogenic effects at 400 and 600 mg/kg/day dose groups.

Maternal and developmental toxicity after exposure to formulation of chlorothalonil and thiophanate-methyl during organogenesis in rats

“…Despite the absence of impact on the weight and histology of the kidneys observed in this study, Farag et al (2006) observed increase in the absolute weight of this organ after exposure to 600 mg -1 kg -1 day of chlorothalonil (GD 6-15) in mice. In addition, Wilkinson & Killen (1996) reported that chronic exposure of rodents to chlorothalonil can cause nephrotoxicity and renal tubular hyperplasia.…”

“…Control CT400 CT800 CT1200 nucleus, suggestive of apoptosis, and area of microvesicular steatosis). In contrast, increase in the absolute weight of liver after exposure to chlorothalonil (600 mg -1 kg -1 day) was observed by Farag et al (2006). Some studies (Paolini et al 1999, Buono et al 2007 indicate that thiophanate-methyl may lead to hepatic morphological alterations, glycogen depletion and hepatocellular apoptosis.…”

“…Study of Farag et al (2006) reported signs of maternal toxicity (weakness and reduction in the activity) after exposure to 400 and 600 mg -1 kg -1 day of chlorothalonil during organogenesis (GD 6-15) in mice. Moreover, the authors observed maternal weight gain reduced, without changes in feed consumption.…”

“…, Meyer 2008. Experimental studies show that the exposure to 200, 400 or 600 mg -1 kg -1 day of chlorothalonil isolated during gestation days (GD) 1 to 6 or organogenesis can cause reproductive disorders, especially developmental toxicity (De Castro et al 2001, Farag et al 2006). Moreover, chlorothalonil was detected in maternal (97.1%) and cord (93.9%) serum in humans, indicating transfer of some portion of the maternal dose to the fetus (Barr et al.…”

Environmental Fate and Toxicology of Chlorothalonil

“…Although the treatments produced no mortality, signs of toxicity, such as weakness and reduced activity did occur at the 400 and 600 mg/kg/day dose levels (Farag et al 2006). Also observed at these concentrations was significant embryo lethality and a reduction in live fetuses (Farag et al 2006). According to the US EPA (1999), chlorothalonil is considered to be practically non-toxic to small mammals, based on having a measured rat LD 50 of >10,000 mg/kg.…”