Emergence and establishment of Usutu virus infection in wild and captive avian species in and around Zurich, Switzerland—Genomic and pathologic comparison to other central European outbreaks

Steinmetz, Hanspeter W.; Bakonyi, Tamás; Weissenböck, Herbert; Hatt, Jean‐Michel; Eulenberger, Ulrike; Robert, Nadia; Hoop, Richard; Nowotny, Norbert

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.09.018

Cited by 106 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Outbreaks of West Nile virus (WNV) have been reported in domestic duck flocks (Wojnarowicz et al, 2007). Emergence and establishment of Usutu virus (USUV) infection was reported in wild and captive avian species in Europe (Steinmetz et al, 2011). Two different species of Flavivirus genus, Israel turkey meningoencephalitis virus (ITV) in turkeys and Bagaza virus (BAGV) in wild partridges and pheasants were identified (Llorente et al, 2013).…”

Section: Classical Methods For Study Of Virus Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Next generation sequencing technologies: Tool to study avian virus diversity

Kapgate¹,

Barbuddhe²,

Kumanan³

2015

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Summary. -Increased globalisation, climatic changes and wildlife-livestock interface led to emergence of novel viral pathogens or zoonoses that have become serious concern to avian, animal and human health. High biodiversity and bird migration facilitate spread of the pathogen and provide reservoirs for emerging infectious diseases. Current classical diagnostic methods designed to be virus-specific or aim to be limited to group of viral agents, hinder identifying of novel viruses or viral variants. Recently developed approaches of next-generation sequencing (NGS) provide culture-independent methods that are useful for understanding viral diversity and discovery of novel virus, thereby enabling a better diagnosis and disease control. This review discusses the different possible steps of a NGS study utilizing sequence-independent amplification, high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics approaches to identify novel avian viruses and their diversity. NGS lead to the identification of a wide range of new viruses such as picobirnavirus, picornavirus, orthoreovirus and avian gamma coronavirus associated with fulminating disease in guinea fowl and is also used in describing viral diversity among avian species. The review also briefly discusses areas of viral-host interaction and disease associated causalities with newly identified avian viruses.

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Section: Classical Methods For Study Of Virus Diversitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Next generation sequencing technologies: Tool to study avian virus diversity

Kapgate¹,

Barbuddhe²,

Kumanan³

2015

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“…1 Histopathologic and IHC studies in birds have frequently described hepatomegaly and splenomegaly. 12,54,62,76,82,89 Histologic lesions have also been reported in heart, liver, kidney, and spleen. Slightly swollen liver and hyperemic lungs, as well as discrete histopathologic lesions in heart and liver, neuronal necrosis, and leukocytolysis in brain blood vessels are …”

Section: µMmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In the following year, several birds from the zoo died of USUV infection. 76 Consequently, a study was conducted in sera from 372 birds collected in 2006 and 2007 in the zoos of Vienna, Basel, Zurich, and Budapest. A seroprevalence of 8.75%, 6.59%, 5.3%, and 0% specific neutralizing antibodies was found in the samples from these zoos, respectively, 77 with the highest USUV seroprevalence found among owls (S. nebulosa).…”

Section: µMmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usutu virus: current knowledge and future perspectives

Saiz¹,

Blázquez²

2017

VAAT

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Abstract:The Flavivirus genus (Flaviviridae family) contains important pathogens such as yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, St Louis encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Usutu virus (USUV), Zika virus, and dengue virus, many of which constitute a worrisome threat to global human and animal health. USUV is transmitted by mosquitoes and, as any other flavivirus, is an enveloped plus-strand RNA virus. The virus was first isolated from Culex neavei mosquitoes in South Africa in 1959 near the Usutu River, from where it takes its name. Since then, the virus was confined to Africa until its first detection in Austria in 2001, although it was probably present in Europe since 1996 or even earlier. After that, USUV has spread throughout Europe, causing a considerable mortality among birds and a few neurologic cases in humans. The main USUV natural hosts are birds, but infection has also been reported in other vertebrate species, including humans. The fast spread of the virus through the continent, the relatively high mortality caused in birds, and the recent neuroinvasive human cases related to USUV infection reported in Europe have raised serious concerns about its possible consequences for public health. Here, an updated review of current knowledge about this emerging pathogen is presented. Keywords: Usutu virus, flavivirus, host cell-virus interactions, surveillance, prophylaxis Biology of the virus Molecular classification and phylogenyUsutu virus (USUV) is a member of the Flavivirus genus within the Flaviviridae family ( Figure 1A). In 2004, the complete genomic sequences of two USUV strains, one African (South Africa-1959) and one European (Vienna-2001), were used to build a phylogenetic tree. These two strains showed a 97% and 99% homology at the nucleotide (nt) and amino acid (aa) level, respectively.1 Both strains were closely related to Murray valley encephalitis virus (73% and 82% nt and aa similarity), Japanese encephalitis virus (71% and 81% nt and aa similarity), and to West Nile virus (WNV; 68% and 75% nt and aa similarity). Nowadays, dozens of complete sequences are available in the data banks. In a recent study, the sequence identity among seven USUV strains was 96%-99% and 99% at the nt and aa levels, respectively.2 The only exception was a 1969 isolate from Central African Republic (CAR-1969) that presented homologies of 81% and 94% at the nt and aa levels with other African sequences ( Figure 1B). Due to these differences, it has been suggested that CAR-1969 formed an USUV subtype strain.3 A comparison with the original South African SAAR-1776 strain showed that the mutations found among different European and African strains were scattered throughout the genome, with some unique substitutions and some that were present

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“…In den folgenden Jahren wurde zunehmend über USUV-Infektionen in Europa bei wild lebenden und in Gefangenschaft gehaltenen Vögeln berichtet ( [10,30,32,35,36] [48]. USUV-Antikörper wurden auch bei einem Pferd in Serbien nachgewiesen [42].…”

Section: Epidemiologieunclassified

“…Jahrhunderts in Europa ausbreitet. Die meisten Todesfäl-le in Zentraleuropa wurden bei Amseln (Turdus merula) beobachtet, jedoch wurden auch Todesfälle bei anderen Vogelspezies beobachtet [10,30,35,36]. Seroepidemiologische Untersuchungen von einer Vielzahl von Vögeln belegen zudem, dass einzelne Spezies sich zwar in-fizieren können, jedoch nicht erkranken oder die Infektion überstehen.…”

Section: Epidemiologieunclassified

Usutuvirus

2013

Bundesgesundheitsbl.

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Emergence and establishment of Usutu virus infection in wild and captive avian species in and around Zurich, Switzerland—Genomic and pathologic comparison to other central European outbreaks

Cited by 106 publications

References 28 publications

Next generation sequencing technologies: Tool to study avian virus diversity

Next generation sequencing technologies: Tool to study avian virus diversity

Usutu virus: current knowledge and future perspectives

Usutuvirus

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