Emergence and global spread of<i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>main clinical clonal complex

Moura, Alexandra; Lefrancq, Noémie; Leclercq, Alexandre; Wirth, Thierry; Borges, Vítor; Gilpin, Brent; Dallman, Timothy J.; Frey, Joachim; Franz, Eelco; Nielsen, Eva Møller; Thomas, Juno; Pightling, Arthur W.; Howden, Benjamin P; Tarr, Cheryl L.; Gerner‐Smidt, Peter; Cauchemez, Simon; Salje, Henrik; Brisse, Sylvain; Lecuit, Marc

doi:10.1101/2020.12.18.423387

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The presence of prophages in the Lm genomes is of great interest and has been studied by several authors ( Chen et al., 2017 ; Kwon et al., 2020 ; Matle et al., 2020 ; Yang et al., 2020 ). Consistently with our results, a recent CC1-specific study by Moura et al. (2020) reported the detection of intact prophages in Lm -CC1 strains.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Hyper-Virulent Listeria monocytogenes Strains Associated With Respiratory Infections in Central Italy

Guidi

Chiaverini

Repetto

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) is a foodborne pathogen causing listeriosis. Invasive forms of the disease mainly manifest as septicaemia, meningitis and maternal-neonatal infections. Lm-associated respiratory infections are very rare and little known. We reported two Lm respiratory infection cases occurred in Central Italy during the summer of 2020, in the midst of the SARS-CoV2 pandemic. In addition to collect the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of the patients, we used Whole Genome Sequencing to study the genomes of the Lm isolates investigating their virulence and antimicrobial profiles and the presence of genetic mobile elements. Both the strains belonged to hypervirulent MLST clonal complexes (CC). In addition to the Listeria Pathogenicity Island 1 (LIPI-1), the CC1 strain also carried LIPI-3 and the CC4 both LIPI-3 and LIPI-4. Genetic determinants for antimicrobial and disinfectants resistance were found. The CC1 genome presented prophage sequences but they did not interrupt the comK gene, involved in the phagosomal escape of Lm. None of the strains carried plasmids. Lm is an important, although rare, opportunistic pathogen for respiratory tract and lung infections. To avoid dangerous diagnostic delays of these severe clinical forms, it is important to sensitize hospital laboratories to this rare manifestation of listeriosis considering Lm in the differential diagnosis of respiratory infections.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Hyper-Virulent Listeria monocytogenes Strains Associated With Respiratory Infections in Central Italy

Guidi

Chiaverini

Repetto

et al. 2021

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Consistent with this, Lm is more prevalent and abundant in cattle than in human stools, which is also in line with our recent report that hypervirulent Lm clonal complexes are associated to cattle and dairy products 8 . We also now report that the phylogeography of the hypervirulent Lm clonal complex-1 is linked to cattle global trade and farming 60 . Taken together, these observations strongly suggest that cattle constitute a major reservoir where Lm virulence is selected for.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Listeria monocytogenes faecal carriage is common and depends on the gut microbiota

et al. 2021

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Listeria genus comprises two pathogenic species, L. monocytogenes (Lm) and L. ivanovii, and non-pathogenic species. All can thrive as saprophytes, whereas only pathogenic species cause systemic infections. Identifying Listeria species’ respective biotopes is critical to understand the ecological contribution of Listeria virulence. In order to investigate the prevalence and abundance of Listeria species in various sources, we retrieved and analyzed 16S rRNA datasets from MG-RAST metagenomic database. 26% of datasets contain Listeria sensu stricto sequences, and Lm is the most prevalent species, most abundant in soil and host-associated environments, including 5% of human stools. Lm is also detected in 10% of human stool samples from an independent cohort of 900 healthy asymptomatic donors. A specific microbiota signature is associated with Lm faecal carriage, both in humans and experimentally inoculated mice, in which it precedes Lm faecal carriage. These results indicate that Lm faecal carriage is common and depends on the gut microbiota, and suggest that Lm faecal carriage is a crucial yet overlooked consequence of its virulence.

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“…This evidence suggests that these CCs are hypervirulent, while other CCs, such as CC9 and CC121 belonging to lineage II, are strongly associated with food environments ( Table 1 ) [ 35 ]. Hypervirulent L. monocytogenes clones, particularly CC1, associate strongly with dairy products, while hypovirulent clones, CC9 and CC121, are frequently isolated in meat products [ 36 , 43 ]. Hypervirulent clones colonize better in the intestine and display a higher invasion rate of the intestinal mucosa than hypovirulent clones.…”

Section: The Genus Listeria Encompasses 21 Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology

et al. 2021

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Listeria monocytogenes is a saprophytic gram-positive bacterium, and an opportunistic foodborne pathogen that can produce listeriosis in humans and animals. It has evolved an exceptional ability to adapt to stress conditions encountered in different environments, resulting in a ubiquitous distribution. Because some food preservation methods and disinfection protocols in food-processing environments cannot efficiently prevent contaminations, L. monocytogenes constitutes a threat to human health and a challenge to food safety. In the host, Listeria colonizes the gastrointestinal tract, crosses the intestinal barrier, and disseminates through the blood to target organs. In immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and pregnant women, the pathogen can cross the blood-brain and placental barriers, leading to neurolisteriosis and materno-fetal listeriosis. Molecular and cell biology studies of infection have proven L. monocytogenes to be a versatile pathogen that deploys unique strategies to invade different cell types, survive and move inside the eukaryotic host cell, and spread from cell to cell. Here, we present the multifaceted Listeria life cycle from a comprehensive perspective. We discuss genetic features of pathogenic Listeria species, analyze factors involved in food contamination, and review bacterial strategies to tolerate stresses encountered both during food processing and along the host’s gastrointestinal tract. Then we dissect host–pathogen interactions underlying listerial pathogenesis in mammals from a cell biology and systemic point of view. Finally, we summarize the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and clinical features of listeriosis in humans and animals. This work aims to gather information from different fields crucial for a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of L. monocytogenes.

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Emergence and global spread ofListeria monocytogenesmain clinical clonal complex

Cited by 7 publications

References 81 publications

Hyper-Virulent Listeria monocytogenes Strains Associated With Respiratory Infections in Central Italy

Hyper-Virulent Listeria monocytogenes Strains Associated With Respiratory Infections in Central Italy

Listeria monocytogenes faecal carriage is common and depends on the gut microbiota

Pathogenicity and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: A trip from environmental to medical microbiology

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