Emergence of Melioidosis in Indonesia and Today’s Challenges

Tauran, Patricia M.; Wahyunie, Sri; Saad, Farahanna; Dahesihdewi, Andaru; Graciella, Mahrany; Muhammad, Munawir; Lestari, Delly Chipta; Aryati, Aryati; Parwati, Ida; Loho, Tonny; Pratiwi, Dewi Indah Noviana; Mutiawati, Vivi Keumala; Loesnihari, Ricke; Anggraini, Dewi; Rahayu, Siwipeni Irmawanti; Wulan, Wahyu Nawang; Antonjaya, Ungke; Dance, David A. B.; Currie, Bart J.; Limmathuthurotsakul, Direk; Arif, Mansyur; Aman, Abu Tholib; Budayanti, Ni Nyoman Sri; Iskandriati, Diah

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed3010032

Cited by 15 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…1 LPS: lipopolysaccharide, AhpC: alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C, Hcp1: hemolysin-coregulated protein 1, OmpH: putative outer membrane porin protein. 2 Based on absorbance values in the previous investigation [31]. 3 Positivity to at least one assay.…”

Section: Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral Immune Responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei Antigens in Captive and Wild Macaques in the Western Part of Java, Indonesia

Testamenti

Noviana

Iskandriati

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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Burkholderia pseudomallei, the Gram-negative bacterium which causes melioidosis, is a threat to human and a wide range of animal species. There is an increased concern of melioidosis in Indonesian primate facilities, especially following case reports of fatal melioidosis in captive macaques and orangutans. Our preliminary serosurveillance of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to B. pseudomallei lipopolysaccharide showed that a significant number of captive and wild macaques in the western part of Java, Indonesia, have been exposed to B. pseudomallei. To better characterize the humoral immune response in those animals, a panel of assays were conducted on the same blood plasma specimens that were taken from 182 cynomolgus macaques (M. fascicularis) and 88 pig-tailed macaques (M. nemestrina) reared in captive enclosures and wild habitats in the western part of Java, Indonesia. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in this study were conducted to detect IgG against B. pseudomallei proteins; alkyl hydroperoxide reductase subunit C (AhpC), hemolysin-coregulated protein (Hcp1), and putative outer membrane porin protein (OmpH). The performances of those immunoassays were compared to ELISA against B. pseudomallei LPS, which has been conducted previously. Seropositivity to at least one assay was 76.4% (139/182) and 13.6% (12/88) in cynomolgus macaques and pig-tailed macaques, respectively. Analysis of demographic factors showed that species and primate facility were significant factors. Cynomolgus macaques had higher probability of exposure to B. pseudomallei. Moreover, macaques in Jonggol facility also had higher probability, compared to macaques in other facilities. There were no statistical associations between seropositivity with other demographic factors such as sex, age group, and habitat type. There were strong positive correlations between the absorbance results of AhpC, HcpI, and OmpH assays, but not with LPS assay. Our analysis suggested that Hcp1 assay would complement LPS assay in melioidosis serosurveillance in macaques.

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Section: Demographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Humoral Immune Responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei Antigens in Captive and Wild Macaques in the Western Part of Java, Indonesia

Testamenti

Noviana

Iskandriati

et al. 2020

Veterinary Sciences

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“…pH optimum untuk pertumbuhan bakteri B. pseudomallei berkisar antara 6.5-7.5, dengan kelembaban relatif tanah berkisar 10-20%. 7,8,9,10 Koloni…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Bakteri Tanah Burkholderia Pseudomalllei Penyebab Melioidosis Di Kota Makassar

Munir¹,

Munir²

2020

j.WoH

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Burkholderia pseudomallei adalah jenis bakteri saprofit, bersifat patogen oportunistik, dan sebagai agen penyebab penyakit melioidosis. Bakteri ini banyak ditemukan hidup di tanah, air, maupun pada sawah pertanian. Kasus kejadian penyakit melioidosis telah banyak dilaporkan di wilayah negara Asia, namun belum banyak informasi spesifik mengenai kejadian penyakit tersebut di Indonesia. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri tanah Burkholderia pseudomalllei di Kota Makassar. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak di 11 kecamatan di Kota Makassar, yaitu Mamajang, Tamalate, Rappocini, Mariso, Bontoala, Wajo, Biringkanaya, Manggala, Tamalanrea, Tallo, dan Makassar. Analisis data menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dalam bentuk gambar dan tabel. Kulturisasi isolat menggunakan medium selektif Ashdown Agar. Identifikasi bakteri menggunakan pengecatan gram, dan beberapa uji biokimiawi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh sebanyak 100 isolat sampel, masing-masing 28 isolat sampel positif Burkholderia pseudomalllei dan 72 isolat bakteri jenis lain. Penelitian disimpulkan bahwa terdapat persebaran bakteri Burkholderia pseudomallei di Kota Makassar, sehingga disarankan dapat menjadi acuan untuk penelitian lanjutan tentang penyakit melioidosis.

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“…The fatality rate of melioidosis cases was 43% in Indonesia [ 6 ], 40% in Northeast Thailand, and even reached 90% in patients with severe sepsis [ 7 ]. In Indonesia, the case fatality rate was identified to be 43% [ 6 ]. Moreover, the causative agent was classified as Tier 1 Select Agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA due to its potential for bioterrorism [ 8 ], including its possibility to be transmitted through inhalation and ingestion routes, its high persistence in the environment, and the high prevalence of severe sepsis [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the causative agent was classified as Tier 1 Select Agent by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA due to its potential for bioterrorism [ 8 ], including its possibility to be transmitted through inhalation and ingestion routes, its high persistence in the environment, and the high prevalence of severe sepsis [ 9 ]. The first case associated with melioidosis in Indonesia was discovered in the beginning of the 20 th century, and throughout the decades, melioidosis was reported in several main islands of Indonesia, including Java, Sumatra, and Sulawesi [ 6 ]. However, many melioidosis cases went unreported, including 55 melioidosis cases from only a few hospitals in Indonesia [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first case associated with melioidosis in Indonesia was discovered in the beginning of the 20 th century, and throughout the decades, melioidosis was reported in several main islands of Indonesia, including Java, Sumatra, and Sulawesi [ 6 ]. However, many melioidosis cases went unreported, including 55 melioidosis cases from only a few hospitals in Indonesia [ 6 ]. Moreover, reports in association with veterinary melioidosis cases in Indonesia were also limited, and only included cases about three long-tailed macaques exported to the United Kingdom [ 10 ], one pig-tailed macaque exported to the United States [ 11 , 12 ], one cynomolgus macaque in a primate research center [ 13 ], and one Bornean orangutan in a rehabilitation center [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Burkholderia pseudomallei from spontaneous melioidosis in a Bornean orangutan

et al. 2020

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Background and Aim: Melioidosis is a potentially fatal disease affecting humans and a wide range of animal species; it is often underdiagnosed and underreported in veterinary medicine in Indonesia. This study aimed to characterize morphological and molecular features of Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis which caused the death of a Bornean orangutan. Materials and Methods: Pulmonary abscess samples were cultured on several types of media, including Ashdown agar, Ashdown broth, and MacConkey agar. Type three secretion system orf 2 real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and latex agglutination tests were performed to identify the bacteria. Morphological characteristics were compared to all previously published morphotypes. Subsequently, the bacteria were characterized by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and Yersinia-like flagellum/Burkholderia thailandensis-like flagellum and chemotaxis PCR. The results of the genotyping were afterward compared to all genotypes from Southeast Asia. Results: Multiple morphotypes of B. pseudomallei were perceived during the growth on Ashdown agar. Furthermore, it was identified by MLST that the Type I and Type II morphotypes observed in this study were clones of a single ST, ST54, which is predominantly found in humans and the environment in Malaysia and Thailand, although a very limited number of reports was published in association with animals. Moreover, the E-BURST analysis showed that the ST is grouped together with isolates from Southeast Asian countries, including Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and Cambodia. ST54 was predicted to be the founding genotype of several STs from those regions. Conclusion: B. pseudomallei ST54 that caused the death of a Bornean orangutan has a distant genetic relationship with other STs which were previously reported in Indonesia, implying a vast genetic diversity in Indonesia that has not been discovered yet.

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Emergence of Melioidosis in Indonesia and Today’s Challenges

Cited by 15 publications

References 24 publications

Humoral Immune Responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei Antigens in Captive and Wild Macaques in the Western Part of Java, Indonesia

Humoral Immune Responses to Burkholderia pseudomallei Antigens in Captive and Wild Macaques in the Western Part of Java, Indonesia

Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Bakteri Tanah Burkholderia Pseudomalllei Penyebab Melioidosis Di Kota Makassar

Characterization of Burkholderia pseudomallei from spontaneous melioidosis in a Bornean orangutan

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