Emergence of Vancomycin Resistance in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Schwalbe, Richard; Stapleton, Jack T.; Gilligan, Peter H.

doi:10.1056/nejm198704093161507

Cited by 551 publications

(266 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In 1987, the first case of peritonitis caused by S. haemolyticus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in a dialysis patient was reported (Schwalbe et al, 1987). Amongst CNS, it was S. haemolyticus that was documented as being resistant to teicoplanin for the first time (Biavasco et al, 2000).…”

Section: Resistance Of S Haemolyticus To the Last-chance Antimicrobimentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus haemolyticus – an emerging threat in the twilight of the antibiotics age

2015

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Section: Resistance Of S Haemolyticus To the Last-chance Antimicrobimentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus haemolyticus – an emerging threat in the twilight of the antibiotics age

2015

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“…Resistance to glycopeptides in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) comes already being shown since the end of the years 80 [2,3]. However, the interest on the acquisition of resistance to glycopeptides increased only after the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus strains presenting intermediate resistance to vancomycin (VISA strains) worldwide [4,5].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin among Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bacteremia

Nunes

Schuenck

Bastos³

et al. 2007

Braz J Infect Dis

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This study evaluated the BHIA screening method with 4 or 6 μ μ μ μ μg/mL of vancomycin to detect glycopeptides heteroresistant staphylococci strains isolated from bacteremia. A total of 213 staphylococci strains were isolated from 106 patients between October/2001 and November/2002 in a tertiary hospital in Rio de Janeiro city. Fifty-seven (53.8%) patients presented Staphylococcus aureus, while coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were isolated from 49 (46.2%). Resistance rates for oxacillin of 26.3% and 81.6% were found for the staphylococci isolates, respectively. Thirteen CNS isolated from nine (8.5%) patients grew on agar screening with 4 μ μ μ μ μg/mL of vancomycin and showed heterogeneous profiles of resistance for vancomycin and teicoplanin by the population analysis profile method. Only 30.8% of them grew at the concentration 6 μ μ μ μ μg/mL. Bacterial infection and use of antimicrobial therapy were common among these patients. Alert about the emergence of oxacillin-resistant staphylococci presenting heteroresistance to glycopeptides is important in order to achieve judicious use of antimicrobials. Vancomycin agar screening test could help to confirm the presence of these isolates in hospitals.

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“…20,21,[25][26][27][28] We demonstrated that amikacin, gentamicin, or vancomycin can be delivered from the calcium sulfate dihydrate FAST pellets with effective dissolution and elution profiles. All FAST pellet formulations completely dissolved and eluted antibiotics in 12-24 h, whereas only 50% of the conventional pellet flakes had dissolved and 99.3% of antibiotic was released within this time frame.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MIC for S. aureus Cowan I clinical isolate with vancomycin was 0.5 mg/ml, within the range of the published literature. 21 Vancomycin-loaded FAST pellets were active against S. aureus through 12 h. At 24 h, the vancomycin concentration fell below the MIC. For both coarse-and fine-flake experiments, only the hour 1 sample contained sufficient antibiotic to inhibit growth of P. aeruginosa.…”

Section: Biological Activity Testingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Preliminary in vitro evaluation of an adjunctive therapy for extremity wound infection reduction: Rapidly resorbing local antibiotic delivery

Jackson

Richelsoph

Courtney

et al. 2008

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Despite the continuing advances in treatment of open fractures and musculoskeletal wounds, infection remains a serious complication. Current treatments to prevent infection utilize surgical debridement and irrigation, and high doses of systemic antimicrobial therapy. The aim of this work was to evaluate, in vitro, the potential of a fast-resorbing calcium sulfate pellet loaded with an antibiotic. The pellet could be used as an adjunctive therapy at the time of debridement and irrigation to reduce bacterial wound contamination. Small pellets containing a binder and calcium sulfate were engineered to resorb rapidly (within 24 h) and deliver high local doses of antibiotic (amikacin, gentamicin, or vancomycin) to the wound site while minimizing systemic effects. Results from dissolution, elution, and biological activity tests against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were used to compare the performance of antibiotic-loaded, rapidly resorbing calcium sulfate pellets to antibiotic-loaded crushed conventional calcium sulfate pellets. Antibiotic-loaded rapidly resorbing pellets dissolved in vitro in deionized water in 12-16 h and released therapeutic antibiotic levels in phosphate buffered saline that were above the minimal inhibitory concentration for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, completely inhibiting the growth of these bacteria for the life of the pellet. Crushed conventional calcium sulfate pellets dissolved over 4-6 days, but the eluates only contained sufficient antibiotic to inhibit growth for the first 4 h. These data indicate that fast-resorbing pellets can release antibiotics rapidly and at therapeutic levels. Adjunctive therapy with fast-acting pellets is promising and warrants further in vivo studies. ß

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Emergence of Vancomycin Resistance in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci

Cited by 551 publications

References 26 publications

Staphylococcus haemolyticus – an emerging threat in the twilight of the antibiotics age

Staphylococcus haemolyticus – an emerging threat in the twilight of the antibiotics age

Heterogeneous resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin among Staphylococcus spp. isolated from bacteremia

Preliminary in vitro evaluation of an adjunctive therapy for extremity wound infection reduction: Rapidly resorbing local antibiotic delivery

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