Emergency blower ventilation to disperse hydrogen leaking from a hydrogen-fueled vehicle

Xie, Hong; Li, Xuefang; Christopher, David M.

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.03.146

Cited by 28 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…They then suggested that emergency responders could apply winds from a blower of at that speed to enhance the operation safety when the leakage position on the HFCV is detected. A similar study [21] also examined the effects of various sizes and shapes of a blower and concluded that a smaller blower with higher wind velocity was the most effective.…”

Section: Research Relevant To Emergency Respondersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency responders' perceptions of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle: A qualitative study on the U.K. fire and rescue services

Welsh

Morris

2021

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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Section: Research Relevant To Emergency Respondersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency responders' perceptions of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle: A qualitative study on the U.K. fire and rescue services

Welsh

Morris

2021

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Among these methods, forced ventilation via exhaust fan is actively studied because of its applicability in diffusing not only leaked hydrogen but also other toxic or flammable gas releases. − Besides exhaust fan, blower ventilation is another method to induce forced ventilation. Blower ventilation has shown promising results in reducing the hydrogen leakage explosion hazard. − Furthermore, the characteristics of leaked hydrogen under an inert gas atmosphere have been studied and have shown excellent results in suppressing hydrogen fire and explosion. , …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Mitigation of Fire and Explosion Risks due to Hydrogen Leakage Using Targeted Nitrogen Nozzle Spray Approach

Tan

Ban

Chen

et al. 2022

ACS Chem. Health Saf.

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Hydrogen leakage may cause destructive incidents due to its high flammability and explosivity. Thus, better preventive methods must be used to mitigate the impacts. This paper proposed an approach using targeted nitrogen nozzle spray to induce both blower ventilation and inert gas atmosphere on leak sources to suppress hydrogen leakage because studies on blower ventilation and inert gas suppression to mitigate hydrogen leakage are usually conducted separately rather than coupled. Its feasibility was studied using computational fluid dynamics. Dispersion of leaked hydrogen, flammability zone, and room temperature were analyzed. Eight cases were conducted to compare three types of nozzle spray orientation, which are horizontal (90°) targeted nozzle spray, slanted (45°) targeted nozzle spray, and overhead sprinkler. The results showed that the slanted (45°) nozzle exhibited better performance. The distance between the nozzle and the leakage point and the nozzle orientations are the deciding factors of equal importance. Shorter distances such as that in targeted sprays can shorten the time for nitrogen to reach the leak source, and more concentrated nitrogen can be presented. However, proper orientation is required to provide better suppression and to prevent further damage. The proposed method can induce blower ventilation and inert atmosphere to suppress the leaked hydrogen effectively. It can be achieved by using existing industrial nozzle, and the hydrogen leakage from different locations can be treated by changing the nozzle orientations.

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“…Their finding revealed extremely different spatial scales. Xie et al [16] used numerical modeling to determine the efficiency by which a ventilation fan ventilates hydrogen leaking from a vehicle in an 8 m × 6 m × 3 m space. The spatiotemporal scale was like that of the present study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safe Ventilation Methods against Leaks in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Rooms in Homes

Lee

Hwang

et al. 2022

Energies

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Hydrogen, which has a high energy density and does not emit pollutants, is considered an alternative energy source to replace fossil fuels. Herein, we report an experimental study on hydrogen leaks and ventilation methods for preventing damage caused by leaks from hydrogen fuel cell rooms in homes, among various uses of hydrogen. This experiment was conducted in a temporary space with a volume of 11.484 m3. The supplied pressure, leak-hole size, and leakage amount were adjusted as the experimental conditions. The resulting hydrogen concentrations, which changed according to the operation of the ventilation openings, ventilation fan, and supplied shutoff valve, were measured. The experimental results showed that the reductions in the hydrogen concentration due to the shutoff valve were the most significant. The maximum hydrogen concentration could be reduced by 80% or more if it is 100 times that of the leakage volume or higher. The shutoff valve, ventilation fan, and ventilation openings were required to reduce the concentrations of the fuel cell room hydrogen in a spatially uniform manner. Although the hydrogen concentration in a small hydrogen fuel cell room for home use can rapidly increase, a rapid reduction in the concentration of hydrogen with an appropriate ventilation system has been experimentally proven.

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Emergency blower ventilation to disperse hydrogen leaking from a hydrogen-fueled vehicle

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Emergency responders' perceptions of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle: A qualitative study on the U.K. fire and rescue services

Emergency responders' perceptions of Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicle: A qualitative study on the U.K. fire and rescue services

Enhanced Mitigation of Fire and Explosion Risks due to Hydrogen Leakage Using Targeted Nitrogen Nozzle Spray Approach

Safe Ventilation Methods against Leaks in Hydrogen Fuel Cell Rooms in Homes

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