Emergency medical services in mass gatherings: the experience of the Formula 1 Grand Prix ??San Marino?? in Imola

Nardi, Roberto; Bettini, M. C.; Bozzoli, Claudio; Cenni, P.; Ferroni, Fiammetta; Grimaldi, Raffaele; Pezzi, Annalisa; Vivoli, M; Salcito, D; Gordini, Giovanni; Gambarin, R; Lavezzi, E; Lippi, R; Mazzolani, T; Montecuccoli, F; Prati, D; Simonetti, N; Ugolini, Alessandro; Zen, C

doi:10.1097/00063110-199712000-00008

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…[3][4][5][6][7]14 Data from the 2012 US Grand Prix allows predictability of approximately 22 patient visits per 10,000 spectators for this venue. Most of the evaluations were for minor complaints, such as headaches, blisters, and sprains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5][6][7] Guidelines exist with recommendations that stress detailed preparation for transportation, communication, and medical staffing. [3][4][5][6][7] Guidelines exist with recommendations that stress detailed preparation for transportation, communication, and medical staffing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Medical preparation for mass gatherings, including motorsport events at existing sites, has been reported in the past. [3][4][5][6][7] Guidelines exist with recommendations that stress detailed preparation for transportation, communication, and medical staffing. 8 However, there is no published literature outlining specific preparatory details for inaugural mass-gathering motorsport events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medical Support at a Large-scale Motorsports Mass-gathering Event: The Inaugural Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas

Sabra

Cabañas

Bedolla

et al. 2014

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Medical Support at a Large-scale Motorsports Mass-gathering Event: The Inaugural Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas

Sabra

Cabañas

Bedolla

et al. 2014

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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“…5 Many case studies of mass-gathering music events have been conducted over the years to understand what types of injuries and illnesses occur at these events, and to ensure ways in which these can be prevented. [1][2][3] Hutton and colleagues 5 documented the number and types of injuries and illnesses for 4,950 young people presenting for medical assistance at 26 OMFs during the summer of 2010. These presentations were categorized as illness, injury, environmental (sunburn, alcohol, and other drugs), and mental-health-related.…”

Section: Physical Environment Design Safety Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mass-gathering music events, such as outdoor music festivals (OMFs), increase the risk of injuries and illnesses among attendees. [1][2][3] Compared with similar sized mass gatherings, OMFs have a higher incidence of injury and illness. 4,5 This increased risk is associated with access to alcohol and other drugs by young people and an environment that places many people in close contact with each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Haddon’s Matrix to Plan for Injury and Illness Prevention at Outdoor Music Festivals

Hutton

Savage

Ranse

et al. 2015

Prehosp. Disaster med.

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Mass gathering medicine: event factors predicting patient presentation rates

et al. 2016

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This study was conducted to identify the event characteristics of mass gatherings that predict patient presentation rates held in a southeastern US university community. We conducted a retrospective review of all event-based emergency medical services (EMS) records from mass gathering patient presentations over an approximate 23 month period, from October 24, 2009 to August 27, 2011. All patrons seen by EMS were included. Event characteristics included: crowd size, venue percentage filled seating, venue location (inside/outside), venue boundaries (bounded/unbounded), presence of free water (i.e., without cost), presence of alcohol, average heat index, presence of climate control (i.e., air conditioning), and event category (football, concerts, public exhibitions, non-football athletic events). We identified 79 mass gathering events, for a total of 670 patient presentations. The cumulative patron attendance was 917,307 persons. The patient presentation rate (PPR) for each event was calculated as the number of patient presentations per 10,000 patrons in attendance. Overdispersed Poisson regression was used to relate this rate to the event characteristics while controlling for crowd size. In univariate analyses, increased rates of patient presentations were strongly associated with outside venues [rate ratio (RR) = 3.002, p < 0.001], unbounded venues (RR = 2.839, p = 0.001), absence of free water (RR = 1.708, p = 0.036), absence of climate control (RR = 3.028, p < 0.001), and a higher heat index (RR = 1.211 per 10-unit heat index increase, p = 0.003). The presence of alcohol was not significantly associated with the PPR. Football events had the highest PPR, followed sequentially by public exhibitions, concerts, and non-football athletic events. In multivariate models, the strong predictors from the univariate analyses retained their predictive significance for the PPR, together with heat index and percent seating. In the setting of mass event medical care, we note that several factors are strongly associated with an increased patient census, including outside (external) or unbounded venues, the absence of fee water (i.e., without cost), no climate control, percent (occupied) seating, and increasing heat index. Although the presence of alcohol is noted to increase patient needs, it does not do so significantly. Regarding event type, collegiate football games have the highest patient census among the range of other events studied. These findings should be considered during the process of EMS resource planning for mass gatherings.

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Emergency medical services in mass gatherings: the experience of the Formula 1 Grand Prix ??San Marino?? in Imola

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Medical Support at a Large-scale Motorsports Mass-gathering Event: The Inaugural Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas

Medical Support at a Large-scale Motorsports Mass-gathering Event: The Inaugural Formula One United States Grand Prix in Austin, Texas

The Use of Haddon’s Matrix to Plan for Injury and Illness Prevention at Outdoor Music Festivals

Mass gathering medicine: event factors predicting patient presentation rates

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