Emerging airborne contaminants in India: Platinum Group Elements from catalytic converters in motor vehicles

Sen, Indra Sekhar; Mitra, Arijeet; Peucker‐Ehrenbrink, Bernhard; Rothenberg, Sarah E.; Tripathi, Sachchida Nand; Bizimis, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2016.10.006

Cited by 26 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(97 reference statements)

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“…The XPS spectrum of the Pt 4f region for the Pt-sorbed AFMNC samples is also presented. Two peaks corresponding to the Pt 4f 7/2 and Pt 4f 5/2 transition were observed at binding energies of 74.7 and 78 eV, respectively, and correspond to PtCl 6 . − This suggests that the dominant form of platinum species present on AFMNC surface is PtCl 6 2– . Along with this, a less intense peak at 72.6 eV was observed, which might be due to the partial reduction of Pt(IV) ions to Pt(II) on the AFMNC surface.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Due to its extensive usage, natural Pt resources are becoming depleted. However, demand for Pt is increasing steadily, and that trend is expected to continue. , Due to its usage in several fields, Pt concentrations in industrial effluents are increasing, leading to its accumulation in the environment. , This causes serious pollution in water, soil, and even in the air due to airborne Pt particles. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of Stable and Regenerable Amine Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Potential Material for Pt(IV) Recovery from Acidic Solutions

Reddy

Wei

Song

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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MnFeO@SiO-NH magnetic nanocomposite (AFMNC) adsorbent with a particle size of ∼50 nm was successfully synthesized using a facile approach. The as-prepared composite particles showed a fast binding of Pt(IV) with easy magnetic solid-liquid separation. The kinetic data were fitted to both pseudo-first and second-order rate models, indicating that AFMNC exhibited a much higher rate of Pt(IV) binding (0.125 g mg min) compared to that of commercial ion-exchange resin Amberjet 4200 (0.0002 g mg min). The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model with a relatively high sorption capacity of 380 mg/g. Scanning transmission electron microscopy analysis demonstrated the presence of platinum chloride after sorption on AFMNC, suggesting an adsorbate-adsorbent anion-exchange interaction. In addition, due to its magnetic characteristics, AFMNC can be easily separated from the aqueous medium after the sorption process. The novel nanocomposite may facilitate recovery of Pt(IV) from waste solutions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Stable and Regenerable Amine Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Potential Material for Pt(IV) Recovery from Acidic Solutions

Reddy

Wei

Song

et al. 2017

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Determination of PGMs requires analytical methods of high sensitivity and selectivity, especially if they need to be quantified. Quantification most often relies on atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) (17)(18)(19), atomic emission spectrometry (AES) (19,20), and mass spectrometry (MS) (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34). Samples analysed by these methods must be in liquid state.…”

Section: Methods For Determining Pgms In Pmmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other authors have also reported using this preparation method to determine PGMs in particulate matter (21,29,30). Other authors (15,16,31), in turn, report using the NiS fire assay with isotope dilution. Rinkovec et al (28) report using high temperature and pressure microwave digestion system with acid digestion for PM 10 samples.…”

Section: Preparation Of Pm Samples Containing Pgmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum, palladium, and rhodium in airborne particulate matter

Rinkovec

2019

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Measurable quantities of platinum, palladium, and rhodium, even in remote areas of the planet, evidence the global nature of pollution with these metals, mostly from catalytic converters of modern vehicles (other sources are jewellery production, chemical industry, and anticancer drugs). The amount of the platinum group metals (PGMs) emitted from automobile catalysts varies with the type, age, and condition of the engine and the catalyst, as well as the style of driving. Current literature suggests that the concentrations of these metals have increased considerably over the last twenty years, palladium concentrations in particular, as it has been proved more effective catalyst than platinum. However, whether and to what extent the emitted PGMs are toxic for people is still a controversy. The potential health risk from exposure to these elements is most likely for those living in urban environments with busy roads or along major highways. Because of the importance of PGMs and their trace levels in particulate matter, sensitive methods are required for reliable determination. This review discusses particular steps of analytical procedures for PGM quantification in airborne particulate matter and addresses the common preparation, detection, and determination methods.

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“…On average, approximately 3% of cardiopulmonary and 25% of lung cancer deaths are attributed to PM pollution globally. 11 In the megacities (populations of >10 million) of the IGB, such as Delhi and Kolkata, heavymetal-associated PM pollution is also an emerging major concern 12,13 because elevated concentrations of atmospheric PM were linked to increased morbidity and mortality rates in the region. 14,15 Monsoonal rainfall provides relief from PM pollution as ambient particles are removed from the atmosphere via several wet deposition processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Southwest Monsoon Withdrawal on Mass Loading and Chemical Characteristics of Aerosols in an Urban City over the Indo-Gangetic Basin

Nizam

Sen

2018

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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The southwest monsoon rainfall not only provides water and food security over the Indo-Gangetic Basin, it also plays an important role in reducing atmospheric pollution by removing ambient particles via wet deposition processes. In addition to rainfall, aerosol loading and its removal from ambient air are also governed by other meteorological parameters, such as the temperature, humidity, wind speed, and wind direction. To understand the effect of southwest monsoon withdrawal on aerosol loading over the Indo-Gangetic Basin, airborne particles (PM 10 size fraction) and meteorological parameters, including the temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind speed, and wind direction data were collected between July and October 2015 at Kanpur, India, which is a large industrial city in the central part of the Indo-Gangetic Basin. The study shows that withdrawal of the southwest monsoon since July 2015 increased the aerosol loading in the ambient air by up to 28, 43 and 152% during August, September, and October, respectively. The aerosol loading exceeded the ambient Indian National Air Quality Standard limit of 100 μg/m −3 just within 3 months. In addition to increased aerosol mass loading, the concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, and Cd) in the aerosols also increased with monsoon withdrawal. The only heavy metal that did not show an increasing trend was Pb, which indicates that Pb is either coming from local source(s) or that Pb was not efficiently scavenged by wet deposition processes. In general, Cd, Pb, and Cu concentrations were 10−1500 times higher when compared to the upper continental crust and were mostly derived from coal-burning products. The study shows that southwest monsoon strongly influence the physiochemical properties of aerosols over the Indo-Gangetic Basin.

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Emerging airborne contaminants in India: Platinum Group Elements from catalytic converters in motor vehicles

Cited by 26 publications

References 61 publications

Fabrication of Stable and Regenerable Amine Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Potential Material for Pt(IV) Recovery from Acidic Solutions

Fabrication of Stable and Regenerable Amine Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles as a Potential Material for Pt(IV) Recovery from Acidic Solutions

Platinum, palladium, and rhodium in airborne particulate matter

Effect of Southwest Monsoon Withdrawal on Mass Loading and Chemical Characteristics of Aerosols in an Urban City over the Indo-Gangetic Basin

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