Emerging Bioprinting for Wound Healing

Abstract

Bioprinting has attracted much attention due to its suitability for fabricating biomedical devices. In particular, bioprinting has become one of the growing centres in the field of wound healing, with various types of bioprinted devices being developed, including 3D scaffolds, microneedle patches and flexible electronics. Bioprinted devices can be designed with specific biostructures and biofunctions that closely match the shape of wound sites and accelerate the regeneration of skin through various approaches. Herein, a comprehensive review of the bioprinting of smart wound dressings (SWDs) is presented, emphasizing the crucial effect of bioprinting in determining biostructures and biofunctions. The review begins with an overview of bioprinting techniques and bioprinted devices, followed with an in‐depth discussion of polymer‐based inks, modification strategies, additive ingredients, properties and applications. The strategies for the modification of bioprinted devices are divided into 7 categories, including chemical synthesis of novel inks, physical blending, coaxial bioprinting, multi‐material bioprinting, physical absorption, chemical immobilization, and hybridization with living cells, and examples are presented. Thereafter, the frontiers of bioprinting and wound healing, including 4D bioprinting, artificial intelligence (AI)‐assisted bioprinting, and in situ bioprinting, are discussed from a perspective of interdisciplinary sciences. Finally, the current challenges and future prospects in this field are highlighted.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

3D skin bioprinting as promising therapeutic strategy for radiation‐associated skin injuries

“…3D bioprinting uses a computer-controlled 3D printer to precisely deposit bioinks composed of living cells and biomaterials in a layer-by-layer manner to reconstruct the normal skin macro structure and microscopic features, making it biologically active. [11][12][13] Recent advances in 3D skin bioprinting indicate a brighter future for its application. Of note, these new developments will bring new opportunities for the application of 3D skin bioprinting technology in the treatment of radiation-associated skin injuries.…”

“…Previously, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting as one innovative and cutting-edge life science technology is emerging. 11,12 What is more, the experimental studies for 3D bioprinting skin substitutes treating a variety of skin injuries have been reported. [12][13][14] However, the applications of 3D bioprinting skin in treating radiation-associated skin injuries have not yet been addressed.…”

“…11,12 What is more, the experimental studies for 3D bioprinting skin substitutes treating a variety of skin injuries have been reported. [12][13][14] However, the applications of 3D bioprinting skin in treating radiation-associated skin injuries have not yet been addressed. Radiation-associated skin injuries have their own characteristics, which require specific consideration and design when applying 3D bioprinting to these fields.…”

Biomimetic Scaffolds—A Novel Approach to Three Dimensional Cell Culture Techniques for Potential Implementation in Tissue Engineering

“…Studies have shown that 4D-printed biomaterials can successfully guide stem cell differentiation and fate [ 92 ]. The potential applications of 4D-printed biomaterials include regeneration in craniofacial skeletal muscle [ 93 ], wound healing [ 94 ], implants for bladder disorders [ 95 ], and in vitro models of fibroblast remodeling [ 96 ].…”

Engineered exosomes and composite biomaterials for tissue regeneration

“…The skin is the largest organ in humans and serves as a physical barrier, mediates immune defense and thermoregulation, and acts as a tactile sensor 117 , 118 . Wound healing is a complex process that involves inflammation, cell migration, proliferation, and tissue remodeling 57 , 61 , 118 .…”