2021
DOI: 10.1002/aenm.202002893
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Emerging Catalysts to Promote Kinetics of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries

Abstract: Lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) with a high theoretical capacity of 1675 mAh g−1 hold promise in the realm of high‐energy‐density Li–metal batteries. To cope with the shuttle effect and sluggish transformation of soluble lithium polysulfides (LiPSs), varieties of traditional metal‐based materials (such as metal, metal oxides, metal sulfides, metal nitrides, and metal carbides) with unique catalytic activity for accelerating LiPSs redox have been exploited to fundamentally inhibit the shuttle effect and improve… Show more

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Cited by 287 publications
(220 citation statements)
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References 188 publications
(254 reference statements)
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“…12,13 Initially, various carbonaceous materials, e.g., one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, two-dimensional graphene, and three-dimensional porous carbon, have been utilized as functional materials to physically confine polysulfides. [14][15][16][17] However, the weak interaction between non-polar carbon materials and polar polysulfides can not effectively suppress the polysulfide shuttle effect, resulting in a low sulfur utilization. In contrast, polar metallic compounds, such as metal oxides, metal sulfides, and metal-organic frameworks, have been introduced into carbon materials to improve the bonding with polysulfides through the Lewis acid-base interaction.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…12,13 Initially, various carbonaceous materials, e.g., one-dimensional carbon nanotubes, two-dimensional graphene, and three-dimensional porous carbon, have been utilized as functional materials to physically confine polysulfides. [14][15][16][17] However, the weak interaction between non-polar carbon materials and polar polysulfides can not effectively suppress the polysulfide shuttle effect, resulting in a low sulfur utilization. In contrast, polar metallic compounds, such as metal oxides, metal sulfides, and metal-organic frameworks, have been introduced into carbon materials to improve the bonding with polysulfides through the Lewis acid-base interaction.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 23 ] However, recent studies show that the nonpolar carbon‐based sulfur hosts can only achieve limited improvement in Li‐S batteries, due to their weak interaction with the polar LiPSs. [ 24 ] On the other hand, the porous carbons can regulate the nucleation process of metallic Li electrodeposition as well as the subsequent growth process, as shown in the milestone work from Cui's group. [ 7 ] Thus, the research interest of the bio‐derived materials is moving from the sulfur host to the Li metal host.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 8,9 ] Nevertheless, there are still obstacles standing in the way of commercialization and practical usage of the Li–S battery. These main obstacles include: [ 10–12 ] 1) the insulating nature of sulfur and Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S, which requires the sulfur to be well dispersed in the conductor and unavoidably decreases the specific energy; 2) lithium polysulfides (Li 2 S x , 4 ≤ x ≤ 8) are soluble in the typical electrolyte for Li–S batteries, and they shuttle through the battery separator membrane, causing anode corrosion, lowering sulfur utilization and Coulombic efficiency, and shortening cycle life; and 3) the significant volume changes of sulfur in the discharge‐charge processes result in structural failure of the cathode and the reduction of useful service life. To address these issues, many strategies have been adopted, and many functional materials such as carbon materials, [ 13–15 ] transition metal compounds, [ 16–19 ] conductive polymers, [ 20–22 ] MXene, [ 23–25 ] and organic frameworks [ 26–29 ] have been widely explored as sulfur hosts or additives to restrict the dissolution of sulfur and enhance conductivity in the cathode.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%