Emerging Clues of Regulatory Roles of Circular RNAs through Modulating Oxidative Stress: Focus on Neurological and Vascular Diseases

Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are novel noncoding RNAs that play regulatory roles in gene expression. Dysregulation of circRNAs is associated with the development and progression of several diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, nervous system diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. CircRNAs functionally participate in cell physiological activities through various molecular mechanisms. However, these molecular mechanisms are unclear. Oxidative stress is an essential factor in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including neurological diseases. Emerging roles of circRNAs have been identified in different systems in response to oxidative stress. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of circRNA biogenesis, properties, expression profiles, and the clues indicating the regulatory roles of circRNAs through oxidative stress in various systems, especially the nervous system.

Biomolecular Modifications Linked to Oxidative Stress in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Determining Promising Biomarkers Related to Oxidative Stress

“…Several miRNAs can be oxidized themselves and regulate the expression levels of many genes involved in antioxidant defense pathways [63]; for example, oxidative modification of miR-184 reduced expression levels of Bcl-xL and Bcl-w due to misrecognitions, leading to apoptosis [64], and miR-27a influences redox homeostasis due to reduced expression levels of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), which is a major regulator of antioxidant elements [65]. In addition, several circRNAs can be related to neurodegeneration via modulation of oxidative stress; for example, circHIPK3 can regulate oxidative stress due to work through a signaling network that consists of circHIPK3 and miR-29a [66].…”

Oxidative Stress Inside the Pathogenesis of Ascending Aorta Aneurysms: A Clearer Vision for Identifying Promising Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets

“…They display cell-specific, and tissue-specific/developmental-stage-specific expression. Their biogenesis appears dissimilar from the canonical splicing of linear RNAs and is controlled by specific cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors [99][100][101][102]. CircRNAs act as regulators of diverse biolog-…”

“…ical and pathological processes by sponging miRNAs, binding to RBP, that are as abovementioned regulators of splicing and transcription, modifiers of parental gene expression, and regulators of protein translation or being translated into peptides in various diseases[99][100][101][102]. CircRNAs have been detected in exosomes and body fluids, including human blood, saliva, and cerebrospinal fluids, evidencing that these exo-circRNAs can represent both disease biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets.…”

“…Precisely, exo-circRNAs can be used as biomarkers of OS, because they are regulated by OS and induce ROS production as well as cause ROS-induced cellular death, cell apoptosis, and inflammation. These features make circRNAs as important regulators of diverse diseases, such as atherosclerosis, and other CVD, metabolic disease, and cancers[99][100][101][102].Based on concepts stressed, circRNAs might represent another effective therapeutic approach of OS. The control of the expression of circRNAs in cardiovascular cells might consent the application of anti OS agents for significantly reducing endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation associated with the onset of CVD, i.e.…”

Identification of Three Potential circRNA Biomarkers of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Bioinformatics Analysis and Validation

“…15 All these functions suggested that circRNAs may be potential novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of disease. 16 So far, it has been reported that circRNAs are extensively involved in the processes of many human diseases, including a variety of cancers, [17][18][19] neurological disorders, 20,21 cardiovascular disease, [22][23][24] immune disease 25 and so on. Similarly, many circRNAs have been proved to be regulate the process of PCOS, such as circASPH, 26 circLDLR 1 and circPUM1.…”