Emerging concepts of potassium homeostasis in plants

Srivastava, Ashish Kumar; Shankar, Alka; Chandran, Anil Kumar Nalini; Sharma, Manisha; Jung, Ki‐Hong; Suprasanna, Penna; Pandey, Girdhar K.

doi:10.1093/jxb/erz458

Cited by 105 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…In summary, K + has a key role in the mechanism that controls the transport of water, metabolites, and nutrients across plant tissues and organs; plant defense against oxidative stresses; and maintenance of osmotic homeostasis [ 10 , 11 , 51 ].…”

Section: Stable Cation In Solution Necessary For Plant Functional mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the plant-community level, K + also limits community growth [ 4 , 5 ]. Recent reports have observed great direct impact of potassium in plant photosynthetic capacity [ 6 ] and growth [ 7 ] in complex plant functional mechanisms in responses to different stresses [ 8 , 9 ] and plant homeostasis [ 10 ] and metabolic control [ 11 ]. Since our past review of the role of K + in terrestrial ecosystem responses to global change drivers [ 4 ], a number of reports have allowed us to establish a better link between potassium and responses to global change drivers [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] but also with terrestrial ecosystem functions, and structural variables such as growth and nutrient cycling [ 7 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potassium Control of Plant Functions: Ecological and Agricultural Implications

Sardans

Peñuelas

2021

Plants

235

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Potassium, mostly as a cation (K+), together with calcium (Ca2+) are the most abundant inorganic chemicals in plant cellular media, but they are rarely discussed. K+ is not a component of molecular or macromolecular plant structures, thus it is more difficult to link it to concrete metabolic pathways than nitrogen or phosphorus. Over the last two decades, many studies have reported on the role of K+ in several physiological functions, including controlling cellular growth and wood formation, xylem–phloem water content and movement, nutrient and metabolite transport, and stress responses. In this paper, we present an overview of contemporary findings associating K+ with various plant functions, emphasizing plant-mediated responses to environmental abiotic and biotic shifts and stresses by controlling transmembrane potentials and water, nutrient, and metabolite transport. These essential roles of K+ account for its high concentrations in the most active plant organs, such as leaves, and are consistent with the increasing number of ecological and agricultural studies that report K+ as a key element in the function and structure of terrestrial ecosystems, crop production, and global food security. We synthesized these roles from an integrated perspective, considering the metabolic and physiological functions of individual plants and their complex roles in terrestrial ecosystem functions and food security within the current context of ongoing global change. Thus, we provide a bridge between studies of K+ at the plant and ecological levels to ultimately claim that K+ should be considered at least at a level similar to N and P in terrestrial ecological studies.

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Section: Stable Cation In Solution Necessary For Plant Functional mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium Control of Plant Functions: Ecological and Agricultural Implications

Sardans

Peñuelas

2021

Plants

235

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although K is the fourth most abundant element in lithosphere, its major fraction is part of mineral compositions and is not availably absorbed by plants, and merely a low proportion (1%‐4%) is bioavailable 3 . Because of low K availability, large areas of crop soils in the natural fields are usually suffering from K deficiency (DK), and a quarter of arable soils and three‐quarters of paddy soils in China are K‐deficient 4 . To cope with DK and increase crop yields, thereby, over 30 Mt K fertilizers are applied to cropland annually worldwide, about 20% are used in China, and the annual demand for K fertilizers will rise by 2.4% from 2015 to 2020 4,5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of low K availability, large areas of crop soils in the natural fields are usually suffering from K deficiency (DK), and a quarter of arable soils and three‐quarters of paddy soils in China are K‐deficient 4 . To cope with DK and increase crop yields, thereby, over 30 Mt K fertilizers are applied to cropland annually worldwide, about 20% are used in China, and the annual demand for K fertilizers will rise by 2.4% from 2015 to 2020 4,5 . However, <50% of applied K fertilizers have effectively been absorbed by plants, resulting in the increased input costs and environmental pollution 6 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin promotes potassium deficiency tolerance by regulating HAK1 transporter and its upstream transcription factor NAC71 in wheat

Liu

Chen

et al. 2021

Journal of Pineal Research

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Melatonin (MT) is involved in various physiological processes and stress responses in animals and plants. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which MT regulates potassium deficiency (DK) tolerance in crops. In this study, an appropriate concentration (50 μmol/L) was found to enhance the tolerance of wheat plants against DK. RNA‐seq analysis showed that a total of 6253 and 5873 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were separately identified in root and leaf tissues of the DK + MT‐treated wheat plants. They functionally involved biological processes of secondary metabolite, signal transduction, and transport or catabolism. Of these, an upregulated high‐affinity K transporter 1 (TaHAK1) gene was next characterized. TaHAK1 overexpression markedly enhanced the K absorption, while its transient silencing exhibited the opposite effect, suggesting its important role in MT‐mediated DK tolerance. Moreover, yeast one‐hybrid (Y1H) was used to screen the upstream regulators of TaHAK1 gene and the transcription factor TaNAC71 was identified. The binding between TaNAC71 and TaHAK1 promoter was evidenced by using Y1H, LUC, and EMSA assays. Transient overexpression of TaNAC71 in wheat protoplasts activated the TaHAK1 expression, whereas its transient silencing inhibited the TaHAK1 expression and aggravated the sensitivity to DK. Exogenous MT application greatly upregulated the expression of TaHAK1 in both transient overexpression and silencing systems. Our findings revealed some molecular mechanisms underlying MT‐mediated DK tolerance and helped broaden its practical application in agriculture.

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“…Potassium represents 2.6% of the weight of the Earth’s crust. However, dissolved K in soil—as the only fraction directly available to plant—is deficient, especially in saline–alkali land and arid land [ 1 ]. Retaining potassium under stress conditions in plants has emerged as novel and essential mechanisms for plant survival [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halophytic Hordeum brevisubulatum HbHAK1 Facilitates Potassium Retention and Contributes to Salt Tolerance

Zhang

Xiao

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Potassium retention under saline conditions has emerged as an important determinant for salt tolerance in plants. Halophytic Hordeum brevisubulatum evolves better strategies to retain K+ to improve high-salt tolerance. Hence, uncovering K+-efficient uptake under salt stress is vital for understanding K+ homeostasis. HAK/KUP/KT transporters play important roles in promoting K+ uptake during multiple stresses. Here, we obtained nine salt-induced HAK/KUP/KT members in H. brevisubulatum with different expression patterns compared with H. vulgare through transcriptomic analysis. One member HbHAK1 showed high-affinity K+ transporter activity in athak5 to cope with low-K+ or salt stresses. The expression of HbHAK1 in yeast Cy162 strains exhibited strong activities in K+ uptake under extremely low external K+ conditions and reducing Na+ toxicity to maintain the survival of yeast cells under high-salt-stress. Comparing with the sequence of barley HvHAK1, we found that C170 and R342 in a conserved domain played pivotal roles in K+ selectivity under extremely low-K+ conditions (10 μM) and that A13 was responsible for the salt tolerance. Our findings revealed the mechanism of HbHAK1 for K+ accumulation and the significant natural adaptive sites for HAK1 activity, highlighting the potential value for crops to promote K+-uptake under stresses.

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Emerging concepts of potassium homeostasis in plants

Abstract: The review highlights the need to broaden our scope of K+ research from single elements to multielements, from coding sequences to whole genes, and from isolated plants to the whole ecosystem.

Cited by 105 publications

References 106 publications

Potassium Control of Plant Functions: Ecological and Agricultural Implications

Potassium Control of Plant Functions: Ecological and Agricultural Implications

Melatonin promotes potassium deficiency tolerance by regulating HAK1 transporter and its upstream transcription factor NAC71 in wheat

Halophytic Hordeum brevisubulatum HbHAK1 Facilitates Potassium Retention and Contributes to Salt Tolerance

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