Emerging Hindu Rashtra and Its Impact on Indian Muslims

Khan, M. A. Muqtedar; Lutful, Rifat Binte

doi:10.3390/rel12090693

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Instead, it represents the amalgamation of several ideas, including land, language and religion into a wholly racist entity. 15 Through strategic syncretism, the Brahminical elite forged a nationalist ideology perpetuating their traditional caste privileges within a modern institutional context. Their primary goal was to insulate their ascendancy against democratizing pressures by forging a numerical majority united through symbols of Hindu-Muslim antagonism.…”

Section: Contested Origins and Colonial Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hindu and Hindutva Ideology in Indian Polity: Examining Modi’s Administration

Academics

2024

ISSI

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The idea of India as an inclusive and secular nation-state has been challenged by the rise of Hindu nationalist ideology known as Hindutva. Promoted by organisations like the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) and political parties like the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), Hindutva advocates for the establishment of a Hindu Rashtra (nation) in India by marginalising minority groups. It involves the “otherisation” of non-Hindus, especially Muslims and Christians, and promotes the Hindu-centric narrative in the country’s history, culture, legislative and administrative setup, which seeks to transform India from a secular democratic republic to an authoritarian Hindu-supremacist one. The paper aims to analyse the widespread resentment towards Indian Muslims arguing that the formation of Hindu identity is deeply intertwined with political processes influenced by the ideologies of the RSS and BJP. It examines various facets of Indian politics, especially under Modi’s government to gain insights into the normative implementation of Hindutva within the contexts of institutionalism and linguistic discourse. It posits that the BJP’s policies and the narrative of Hindus as the ‘sons of the soil’ contribute to the marginalisation of other identities, particularly Indian Muslims. The paper examines modes to understand Hindutva’s normative approach in Modi’s government within the framework of institutionalism and linguistic discourse, focusing on Indian polity.

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Section: Contested Origins and Colonial Influencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hindu and Hindutva Ideology in Indian Polity: Examining Modi’s Administration

Academics

2024

ISSI

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“…The scholarship on Hindutva ideology, its origins in India, and its steady rise since India's independence is vast (Sahai, 1958;Anderson & Damle, 2019;Shani, 2021;Sahgal, 2020). The BJP is a right-wing Hindu nationalist political party that has close ties to the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), a "religio-political revivalist ideology that seeks to make Hinduism the dominant and exclusive force of Indian culture and identity" (Khan & Lutful, 2021). Following BJP's 2014 and 2019 electoral victories, India's political campaigns became infused with right-wing Hindutva nationalism, particularly on digital platforms, and increased the possibility of "India becoming a Hindu Rashtra or a Hindu state."…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender and Misinformation: Digital Hate and Harassment (Part Ii)

Nanditha,

Hermanova,

Rega

et al. 2023

SPIR

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Social media platforms allow for free expression and speech, but also open possibilities for online misinformation, disinformation, propaganda, harm, and conspiracy theories (Nadim and Fladmoe, 2019). Here, gender as an analytical category plays a significant role in understanding how women, LGBTQ+ people, and members of various minorities, in particular, are disproportionately targeted by hate actors. In fact, through gendered violence and online hate, social media serves to promote structural inequality where gender minorities become the target of harassment (Jane 2014a; Jane 2017). Gendered violence and cyberhate have consequences that negatively impact women and queer groups and pose a threat to political goals through victimization and reinforcement of patriarchy (Jane, 2014b). Though anonymous in nature, mobilized and networked hate becomes a product of what Castells (1986) refers to as the culture of real virtuality where is a flow of capital, information, technology, images as well as organizational interaction. In particular, gendered cyberhate targets women in longstanding discourses that view men as superior to women (Jane, 2014b). Misogyny exists as a connective tissue that legitimizes the subjugation of feminine and othered identities in relation to heteronormative patriarchy (Kaul, 2021). In particular, online violence against women in politics poses a deepening challenge to democracy, serving as a key tool of illiberalism and democratic backsliding across the globe. Hate speech against women in politics, female journalists and other public figures encompasses all forms of aggression, coercion, and intimidation seeking to exclude women from the digital public sphere simply because they are women. Gender misinformation here itself becomes a form of violence that undermines women and othered identities and weaponizes gendered narratives to promote political, social, or economic objectives. This online behavior seeks to achieve political outcomes: targeting individual women to harm them or drive them out of public life, while also sending a message that women in general should not be involved in politics. It is important to note that digital misogyny may not be overt at all times but benign and subtle - involving “everyday, seemingly innocent slights, comments, overgeneralizations, othering, and denigration of marginalized groups” (Anderson, 2010; Anderson, 2015) that although unintentional is insidious and dangerous. Despite growing concerns about the increasing prevalence of misogynistic or sexist hate speech on different popular digital platforms, research in this field and the attention directed at ways to combat hate online is relatively recent. At this juncture, this panel on Gender Misinformation: Hate and Harassment will provide a forum to discuss how women in politics, journalism, and the film industry are perceived, and what the hate that targets these women looks like in practice in a global context. We bring together scholars whose interdisciplinary and comparative work in Germany, Azerbaijan, the Philippines, India, and Brazil focuses on prominent women in the digital public sphere and political leaders from racial, ethnic, religious, or other minority groups to demonstrate how misogynistic speech acts to exacerbate patriarchal norms and operationalize a relationship between gender and power. In addition to the focus on digital hate and harassment in the Global South, this panel also brings together a diversity of methodological interventions References Anderson Kristin J. (2015). Modern Misogyny: Anti-Feminism in a Post-Feminist Era. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Anderson Kristin J. (2010). Benign Bigotry: The Psychology of Subtle Prejudice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Castells, Manuel. (2000). The rise of the network society. Oxford; Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers Jane Emma A. (2017). Misogyny Online: A Short (and Brutish) History. London: Sage. Kaul, Nitasha. (2021). The Misogyny of Authoritarians in Contemporary Democracies, International Studies Review, Volume 23, Issue 4, Pages 1619–1645, https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viab028. Nadim, M., & Fladmoe, A. (2019). Silencing Women? Gender and Online Harassment. Social Science Computer Review, 39, 245 - 258.

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“…Cluster of organisations, parties (including BJP), and movements that advocate Hindutva also known as Sangh Parivar are keen to eradicate or at least corner the Islam. After 2014 parliamentary elections, accelerated process aimed at marginalization of Muslims was started by the BJP; with the three key strategies: 1) sabotaging legal framework that safeguard Muslims, 2) emboldening non-state actors to carry-out violence against Muslims, and 3) instigating the cultural erasure's agenda (Khan & Lutful, 2021). Two-pronged strategy of Hindutva attack on the legislations protecting the rights of minorities is a concerted attempt to 1) erode Indian constitution's secular nature and 2) obliterate non-constitutional aspects of minority rights.…”

Section: Modi Administration: 2014-2022mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Identity Crisis in India: A Comparative Analysis of BJP Administrations

Mansoor

2022

AHSS

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This research examines the Hindutva synonymous with the Hindu nationalism, discusses its various aspects and explains its mainstreaming under the BJP or Bharatiya Janata Party-led Hindu nationalist governments through the lens of Social Identity theory. The paper aims at addressing the social identity crisis in modern Indian society, given the prevalence of Hindutva under the auspices of BJP. Additionally, it holistically highlights the role of the Vajpayee and Modi governments in propagating Hindutva in social, legal, and political domain, as well as creating the 'Otherisation' rhetoric. The research is significant as it develops a nexus between the social aspects of group identity and the politics, in order to develop a conceptual discourse on the Hindutva in building up Hindu identity and mobilizing masses in political realm. Theoretical framework employed is Social Identity theory in order to assess the vital role of social identity in Indian polity. The methodology used is qualitative method and the type of social research is comparative analysis. This research endeavor concludes that 'Hindutva under BJP administrations has generated polarization process in the society which has dual ramifications: prevailing 'national identity crisis, with assertive 'Hindu identity' on one side and accumulated Indian identity on other, coupled with hovering religious extremism across the country.

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Emerging Hindu Rashtra and Its Impact on Indian Muslims

Cited by 12 publications

References 24 publications

Hindu and Hindutva Ideology in Indian Polity: Examining Modi’s Administration

Hindu and Hindutva Ideology in Indian Polity: Examining Modi’s Administration

Gender and Misinformation: Digital Hate and Harassment (Part Ii)

Social Identity Crisis in India: A Comparative Analysis of BJP Administrations

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