Emerging<i>Mycobacteria</i>spp. in Cooling Towers

Pagnier, Isabelle; Merchat, Michèle; Raoult, Didier; Scola, Bernard La

doi:10.3201/eid1501.071356

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…and Pseudomonas spp., have become more widespread in the last few years due to their prevalence in aquatic ecosystems. Non tuberculous mycobacteria have been detected in natural water sources as well as in samples obtained from municipal water treatment plants and homes, reaching rates varying from 60% to 100% in water from hospitals and haemodialysis and dental offices (Adekambi et al, 2006;Pagnier et al, 2009;Phillip and von Reyn, 2001). The occurrence of Pseudomonas spp is common in aquatic environments including recreational waters, and this has also become increasingly recognized as an emerging opportunistic pathogen of clinical relevance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new pentaplex-nested PCR to detect five pathogenic bacteria in free living amoebae

Calvo¹,

Gregorio²,

Garcı́a³

et al. 2013

Water Research

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new pentaplex-nested PCR to detect five pathogenic bacteria in free living amoebae

Calvo¹,

Gregorio²,

Garcı́a³

et al. 2013

Water Research

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“…It is important that the microbiology community be well aware of these new emerging human agents of pneumonia and develop new diagnostic tools for their identification. Amoebal coculture and amoebal enrichment coupled with detection of potential intra‐amoebal bacteria have been demonstrated to be largely successful in identifying a large biodiversity of new pathogens from patients (Greub et al , 2004b; Thomas et al , 2006; Corsaro et al , 2009; Pagnier et al , 2009a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Amoebal pathogens as emerging causal agents of pneumonia

Lamoth¹,

Greub²

2010

FEMS Microbiol Rev

106

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Despite using modern microbiological diagnostic approaches, the aetiological agents of pneumonia remain unidentified in about 50% of cases. Some bacteria that grow poorly or not at all in axenic media used in routine clinical bacteriology laboratory but which can develop inside amoebae may be the agents of these lower respiratory tract infections (RTIs) of unexplained aetiology. Such amoebae-resisting bacteria, which coevolved with amoebae to resist their microbicidal machinery, may have developed virulence traits that help them survive within human macrophages, i.e. the first line of innate immune defence in the lung. We review here the current evidence for the emerging pathogenic role of various amoebae-resisting microorganisms as agents of RTIs in humans. Specifically, we discuss the emerging pathogenic roles of Legionella-like amoebal pathogens, novel Chlamydiae (Parachlamydia acanthamoebae, Simkania negevensis), waterborne mycobacteria and Bradyrhizobiaceae (Bosea and Afipia spp.).

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“…Currently, we have cultured 41 different T. whipplei strains from diverse tissues and fluid (310,312,374,375,390,391), playing a key role in the understanding of the clinical manifestations caused by this bacterium (194). Coculture with amoebae, which was performed in our laboratory, has allowed us to identify 139 different bacterial species from both clinical and environmental samples, including 10 new bacterial species (224,235,239,251,261,(392)(393)(394)(395)(396). In our laboratory, the great qualities of several "cultivators," technicians, or researchers were identified and recognized in the names of bacterial species to honor these qualities (i.e., Rickettsia raoultii, Legionella drancourtii, Mycobacterium barrassiae, Afipia birgiae, Bosea vestrisii, and Bosea eneae, etc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, many rapidly growing mycobacteria were able to be isolated by coculture with Acanthamoeba sp. (223,224,235,252) or as natural symbionts in amoebae isolated from contact lens storage cases (265). In 1997, it was demonstrated for the first time that M. avium could enter and multiply in vegetative forms and also survive in cysts of Acanthamoeba sp.…”

Section: Fig 3 Amoeba Culturing Methods For Recovering Amoeba-resistimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The investigation of ARMs continued and resulted in the isolation of other microbial types, such as several Mycobacterium species (223,224) and Chlamydiales or Chlamydia-like species (225). Several viruses were also isolated by using amoebae as culture tools, such as the giant amoeba-associated Mimiviridae (226) and their occasionally associated Sputnik virophages (227), Marseilleviridae (228), and, more recently, Pandoravirus (229).…”

Section: Coculture With Amoebaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Current and Past Strategies for Bacterial Culture in Clinical Microbiology

et al. 2015

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SUMMARY A pure bacterial culture remains essential for the study of its virulence, its antibiotic susceptibility, and its genome sequence in order to facilitate the understanding and treatment of caused diseases. The first culture conditions empirically varied incubation time, nutrients, atmosphere, and temperature; culture was then gradually abandoned in favor of molecular methods. The rebirth of culture in clinical microbiology was prompted by microbiologists specializing in intracellular bacteria. The shell vial procedure allowed the culture of new species of Rickettsia . The design of axenic media for growing fastidious bacteria such as Tropheryma whipplei and Coxiella burnetii and the ability of amoebal coculture to discover new bacteria constituted major advances. Strong efforts associating optimized culture media, detection methods, and a microaerophilic atmosphere allowed a dramatic decrease of the time of Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture. The use of a new versatile medium allowed an extension of the repertoire of archaea. Finally, to optimize the culture of anaerobes in routine bacteriology laboratories, the addition of antioxidants in culture media under an aerobic atmosphere allowed the growth of strictly anaerobic species. Nevertheless, among usual bacterial pathogens, the development of axenic media for the culture of Treponema pallidum or Mycobacterium leprae remains an important challenge that the patience and innovations of cultivators will enable them to overcome.

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EmergingMycobacteriaspp. in Cooling Towers

Cited by 19 publications

References 11 publications

A new pentaplex-nested PCR to detect five pathogenic bacteria in free living amoebae

A new pentaplex-nested PCR to detect five pathogenic bacteria in free living amoebae

Amoebal pathogens as emerging causal agents of pneumonia

Current and Past Strategies for Bacterial Culture in Clinical Microbiology

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